Structural, microstructural and thermal properties of lead-free bismuth-sodium-barium-titanate piezoceramics synthesized by mechanical alloying
Author
Amini, R.
Ghazanfari, M.R.
Alizadeh, M.
Ardakani H.A.
Ghaffari, M.
Date
2013Source Title
Materials Research Bulletin
Print ISSN
0025-5408
Volume
48
Issue
2
Pages
482 - 486
Language
English
Type
ArticleItem Usage Stats
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Abstract
Bismuth-sodium-barium-titanate piezoceramics with a composition of (Bi 0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BNBT) were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). Structural analysis and phase identification were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructural studies and chemical composition homogeneity were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Furthermore, thermal properties of the as-milled powders were evaluated by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). During the initial milling, the constituents were transformed to the perovskite, pyrochlore, and BNT phases; in addition, partial amorphization of the structure appeared during the milling cycle. As MA progressed, transformation of pyrochlore-to-perovskite and crystallization of the amorphous phase occurred and also, the BNBT phase was significantly developed. It was found that the MA process has the ability to synthesize the BNBT powders with a submicron particle size, regular morphology, and uniform elemental distribution. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords
A. CeramicsA. Electronic materials
A. Nanostructures
D. Microstructure
D. Phase equilibria
A. Ceramics
Amorphous phase
As-milled powders
Chemical compositions
Electronic materials
Elemental distribution
Energy dispersive x-ray
Lead-Free
Micro-structural
Milling cycles
Partial amorphization
Phase identification
Piezo-ceramics
Pyrochlores
Sub-micron particles
TiO
Barium
Bismuth
Mechanical alloying
Milling (machining)
Perovskite
Phase equilibria
Piezoelectric ceramics
Powders
Scanning electron microscopy
Thermoanalysis
Thermodynamic properties
X ray diffraction
Sodium