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      Structural, microstructural and thermal properties of lead-free bismuth-sodium-barium-titanate piezoceramics synthesized by mechanical alloying

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      Author
      Amini, R.
      Ghazanfari, M.R.
      Alizadeh, M.
      Ardakani H.A.
      Ghaffari, M.
      Date
      2013
      Source Title
      Materials Research Bulletin
      Print ISSN
      0025-5408
      Volume
      48
      Issue
      2
      Pages
      482 - 486
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
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      Abstract
      Bismuth-sodium-barium-titanate piezoceramics with a composition of (Bi 0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BNBT) were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). Structural analysis and phase identification were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructural studies and chemical composition homogeneity were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Furthermore, thermal properties of the as-milled powders were evaluated by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). During the initial milling, the constituents were transformed to the perovskite, pyrochlore, and BNT phases; in addition, partial amorphization of the structure appeared during the milling cycle. As MA progressed, transformation of pyrochlore-to-perovskite and crystallization of the amorphous phase occurred and also, the BNBT phase was significantly developed. It was found that the MA process has the ability to synthesize the BNBT powders with a submicron particle size, regular morphology, and uniform elemental distribution. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
      Keywords
      A. Ceramics
      A. Electronic materials
      A. Nanostructures
      D. Microstructure
      D. Phase equilibria
      A. Ceramics
      Amorphous phase
      As-milled powders
      Chemical compositions
      Electronic materials
      Elemental distribution
      Energy dispersive x-ray
      Lead-Free
      Micro-structural
      Milling cycles
      Partial amorphization
      Phase identification
      Piezo-ceramics
      Pyrochlores
      Sub-micron particles
      TiO
      Barium
      Bismuth
      Mechanical alloying
      Milling (machining)
      Perovskite
      Phase equilibria
      Piezoelectric ceramics
      Powders
      Scanning electron microscopy
      Thermoanalysis
      Thermodynamic properties
      X ray diffraction
      Sodium
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/21088
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.11.008
      Collections
      • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3524
      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 1775
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