The main objective of this study is to explain the interaction between the Roman Catholic Church and the State in the case of the Republic of Argentina. It explores the pervasive influence of the Church at the historical, legal, political and social levels. The political role of the Catholic Church has varied from nation to nation. In most Western democratic countries, since voters support political parties on grounds that have little to do with religion, the Catholic Church has lost its political salience. The Argentinian case, however, presents a unique scenario. It is a Catholic country with 95% of its population being Catholic. The democratic process which has started since December 1983 reinforces the separation of the spheres of influence of the Church and the State and guarantees individual freedom of worship. Yet, the Church still retains a pervasive and influential role in Argentina, not only in society and community behavior, but also in the political decision making process.