This thesis examines the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation in Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Project and Community Investment Projects (CIPs), the latter having been initiated as part of BTC project in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. It does so by conceptualizing the CSR implementation with extant approaches to CSR, namely as a combination of CSR as a socio-cognitive construction, CSR as a social function and CSR as a power relationship. It specifically focuses upon the CSR implementation in CIPs being underway in Ardahan, Kars and Erzincan/GümüĢhane provinces in Turkey. While assessing the CSR implementation in the Community Investment Projects, it focuses on their contribution to human development in project regions and, consequently, to energy security. Within the framework of new energy security paradigm in which security of iv the whole global energy infrastructure has become vital instead of a mere supply security, it puts an emphasis on corporations‘ responsibilities for improving human development in project regions. Similarly, instead of earlier development models in which concerns about economic development dominate the development agenda, a participatory community development model is being suggested for energy security and human development.