Searching for a Kuznets curve in environmental efficiency using kernel estimation

Abstract

The paper constructs environmental efficiency indexes for a sample consisting of high- and low-income countries using nonparametric production frontier techniques and then establishes an environmental Kuznets relationship for environmental efficiency by Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimation methodology. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: Q25; Q32.