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      • M.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
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      • Faculty of Education
      • M.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
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      Formulaic language and conceptual socialization: the route to becoming nativelike in L2

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      Author
      Ortaçtepe, D.
      Date
      2013-10
      Source Title
      System
      Print ISSN
      0346-251X
      Publisher
      Elsevier
      Volume
      41
      Issue
      3
      Pages
      852 - 865
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
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      Abstract
      The present study addressed the question whether formulaic expressions indicate nativelike selection in the target language by examining seven Turkish students’ use of formulaic expressions during their first year in the United States. Fourteen external raters who spoke English as their first language rated the Turkish (focal group) and American students’ (control group) DCT responses in terms of nativelike language use. The results indicated that the American students not only received higher nativelikeness ratings but also produced more formulaic expressions than the Turkish students. This finding confirms that freely generated utterances based on grammatical units and lexis forecast non-membership to the speech community (Skehan, 1998) while the use of formulaic expressions is an indicator of nativelike selection. The results also revealed that gaining competency over formulaic expressions for second language learners is not a linear process but open to creativity.
      Keywords
      Conceptual socialization
      Formulaic language
      Nativelike language use
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/12654
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.08.006
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