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      Depth-targeted energy delivery deep inside scattering media

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      Author(s)
      Bender, N.
      Yamilov, A.
      Goetschy, A.
      Yılmaz, Hasan
      Hsu, C. W.
      Cao, H.
      Date
      2022-01-27
      Source Title
      Nature Physics
      Print ISSN
      1745-2473
      Electronic ISSN
      1745-2481
      Publisher
      Nature Research
      Volume
      18
      Issue
      3
      Pages
      309 - 315
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
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      Abstract
      Diffusion makes it difficult to predict and control wave transport through a medium. Overcoming wave diffusion to deliver energy into a target region deep inside a diffusive system is an important challenge for applications, but also represents an interesting fundamental question. It is known that coherently controlling the incident wavefront allows diffraction-limited focusing inside a diffusive system, but in many applications, the targets are significantly larger than a focus and the maximum deliverable energy remains unknown. Here we introduce the ‘deposition matrix’, which maps an input wavefront to the internal field distribution, and we theoretically predict the ultimate limit on energy enhancement at any depth. Additionally, we find that the maximum obtainable energy enhancement occurs at three-fourths the thickness of the diffusive system, regardless of its scattering strength. We experimentally verify our predictions by measuring the deposition matrix in two-dimensional diffusive waveguides. The experiment gives direct access to the internal field distribution from the third dimension, and we can excite the eigenstates to enhance or suppress the energy within an extended target region. Our analysis reveals that such enhancement or suppression results from both selective transmission-eigenchannel excitation and constructive or destructive interference among these channels.
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      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/111666
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01475-x
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      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 2258
      • Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM) 1179
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