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Item Open Access 1-6 üniteler(Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2006) Konuralp, Haluk; Özekes, M.; Gökbel, D.Item Open Access Akademisyenlik(Adalet yayınevi, 2017) Yılmaz, Ejder; Özersin, İsmail HakkıItem Open Access Alcohols and phenols as hydrogen bonding catalysts(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Türkmen, Yunus Emre; Harned, A.Hydrogen-bonding catalysis has been a rapidly growing field of organocatalysis and has found numerous applications in a broad range of organic transformations. In this chapter, applications of hydrogen bonding catalysts based on alcohols and phenols will be covered with emphasis on catalyst design and mechanistic investigations. The first part of this chapter describes the development of alcohol-based hydrogen-bonding catalysts. Chiral hydrogen bond donors such as TADDOL and BAMOL derivatives have been shown to be highly effective catalysts in a variety of enantioselective transformations including Diels–Alder, hetero-Diels–Alder, Mukaiyama aldol, and nitroso aldol reactions. A photoswitchable hydrogen-bonding catalyst system that was used in a Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction was also described in this section. Efforts to enhance the activities of alcohol-based hydrogen bond donors resulted in the development of fluorinated alcohols as effective organocatalysts. The second part of this chapter describes the utilization of such fluorinated alcohol catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of lactides, carbon dioxide fixation of epoxides, and epoxidation of alkenes. Finally, hydrogen-bonding catalysts based on phenols are reviewed in the third section of this chapter. These include dual hydrogen bond donors such as PHANOL, diarylacetylene diol, and BINOL derivatives along with examples from enantioselective catalysis.Item Open Access Ambitions and ambiguities: European moves during the 1980's(Macmillan Press, 2001) Aybet, Gülnur; Schmidt, G.Item Open Access American reactions to the European revolutions of 1848(Univ. London Institude of Latin American Studies, 2002) Roberts, Timothy M.; Thomson, G.Item Open Access Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin yerel idarelere bakışı(Memleket yayınları, 2014) Tan, Turgut; Güneşer Demirci, A.; Ergüzeloğlu Kilim, E.; Dik, E.Item Open Access Ancient egypt and the shipwreck at uluburnu(Geological Survey of Egypt Special Publi, 1995) Haldane, CherylItem Open Access An Ankara chronicle: fidelity to an impossibility?(MIT Press, 1999) Helvacıoğlu, Banu; Davidson, C. C.Item Open Access Basic Income and the means to self-govern(Anthem Press, 2005) Wigley, Simon; Standing, GuyOne line of argument in defense of an unconditional basic income is that it reduces the dependence of less advantaged citizens on others. However, its claim to help ensure individual self-government is undermined by the fact that it is consistent with social and economic inequality. For those who are more wealthy and talented are better placed to influence the democratic decision-making process according to their interests and contrary to the interests of those who are less advantaged. In sum, a basic income does not provide the sufficient conditions for equal citizenship. One solution to that problem, defended by Rousseau, is that in addition to a social minimum, material inequality should be moderated. In this paper I argue that such a measure is unnecessary provided that we can insulate the political decision-making process from the background inequalities. It is argued, following a recent innovative proposal by Bruce Ackerman and Ian Ayres, that to ensure the effective right to self-government the basic income should be complemented by a voucher of equal value to be used by each and every citizen as a campaign contribution to a candidate of their choice.Item Open Access A bayesian approach to 2D estimation(North Holand, 1993) Mukhopadhyay, Carol; Basu, A. P.Item Open Access Biology of hepatocellular cancer(Lippincott-Raven, 2003) Öztürk, Mehmet; Çetin Atalay, Rengül; Rustg, A.Item Open Access BISDN (Broadband integrated services digital network)(John Wiley & Sons, 2003) Ayanoğlu, E.; Akar, Nail; Proakis, J. G.The subject of B‐ISDN came into being in the late 1980s, together with the concept of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM is closely tied to high‐speed packet switching by means of specialized switches implemented in hardware. Due to its high speed and packet structure, ATM technology was considered attractive to unify voice, data, and video services. A unification of these services over the telephone infrastructure was attempted earlier by a standards offering known as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Consequently, this new service unification was termed Broadband ISDN (B‐ISDN). Although due to its origins, B‐ISDN is sometimes closely tied to ATM technology, the term independently represents the vision of packet‐based high‐speed integration of voice, data, and video services. It is important that in this process, guarantees to satisfy different Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) needs (in terms of delay, loss, etc) required by voice, data, and video services are provided. In this vision, what is important is the unification, or integration of services; and the underlying technology is of secondary importance. As of the early 2000s, the technology to be employed in realizing this vision seems to have shifted from its origins of ATM. In this article, our emphasis is on B‐ISDN as a service integration vision. Nevertheless, we will describe its original emphasis as the service offering of ATM as well as the path the industry seems to be taking in implementing this vision.Item Open Access Bulgaria-Turkey, report no. 8-13(Kluwer Law International, 2002) İnan, Yüksel; Charney, J. I.; Smith, R. W.Item Open Access Bureaucracy in the Ottoman Turkish polity(Marcel & Dekker Inc., 1994) Heper, Metin; Farazmand, A.Item Open Access Burkholderia pseudomallei(Yaku Journal Co., 2003) Nagatake, T.; Ahmed, K.; Matsumoto, K.Item Open Access The Byzantine city: a symphony in three movements(Palgrave Pivot, 2021-10-07) Zavagno, LucaThis chapter presents the reader with three preliminary and different themes that will recur across the book as taking their cue from the changes of some exemplary Byzantine cities like Ephesos and Euchaita. The first has to do with the importance of tracking the transformation of the urban functions across space and time. The second concern the methodological approach adopted in the book. Indeed, the changes in urban functions, landscape, structure, and fabric will be explored by bringing together the most recent results stemming from urban archaeological excavations, the results of analyses of material culture (ceramic, coins, seals), and a reassessment of the documentary and hagiographical sources. The third aims to explain how Byzantine urban sites located in different parts of the empire (Byzantine heartland vis a vis the coastal-insula koine) reverberated the changes experienced by the political, social, and economic imperial super-structure a regional and sub-regional levelItem Open Access Changing strategic context and deterrence(Bosnia&Herzegovina, 2003) Kibaroğlu, Mustafa; Basic, N; Tanner, FItem Open Access Charles Vanel: seven decades of cinema(Phaeton, 2015) Kennedy Karpat, Colleen; Abecassis, M.; Block, M.Item Open Access Chypre du noul tel quil est vu prar la Cour enropeene des droits de l'homme(Troino, 2011) Akıllıoğlu, Tekin; Panella, L.; Spatafora, E.Item Open Access Cities: historical overview and theoretical issues(Oxford, 2010) Gates, Charles; Maas, G. S.