Browsing by Subject "religion"
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Item Open Access 19 yüzyıl Osmanlı-Türk romanında gayrimüslim imgeleri(Bilkent University, 2007) Uyanık, SedaThis thesis aims at exploring the changing images of non-Muslim characters in five novels written in the last quarter of the 19th century, namely Karabibik (1891) by Nabizade Nazım; Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa mı? (1892) by Mizancı Mehmet Murat, Araba Sevdası (1896) by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Mes‚il-i Muğl‚ka (1898) by Ahmet Mithat Efendi and Aím‚k-ı Hayal (1910) by Şehbenderz‚de Filibeli Ahmet Hilmi. The novels are discussed taking the historical background and the authorsí ideological positioning into consideration. Reviews and critical essays focusing on non-Muslim characters in novels during the post-Tanzimat period are limited in number and scope and are based on generalizations that do not recognize the various authorsí intellectual and ideological particularities and differences. The study of the five novels examined in this thesis shows that there are several differing images of non-Muslim characters. The image and role of nonMuslim characters in the works depend on the authors approach to religion, ethnical identity and his understanding of civilization. The highlighting of differences between European and Muslim cultures in those novels leads to the positioning of the non-Muslim image in a circle of ìidentity and differencesî. The focus on nonMuslim characters in those novels, shows that the concepts of religion, nation and culture have close links to typological structures such as modernity and tradition, centre and periphery and ìIî and the other. In the light of this study, it is concluded that it is not possible to talk about only one single non-Muslim concept in the postTanzimat novelsItem Open Access Poor but not in despair : an investigation of low-income consumers coping with poverty(Bilkent University, 2012) Yücel, GülThis thesis explores mechanisms low-income consumers use to cope with material constraints and increasing pressure of consumer culture. Data were collected through qualitative research methods and draw upon twenty-two female low-income consumers. Findings suggest that consumption restrictions do not always end up with severe negative consequences because of mainly four factors. These factors affect low-income consumers’ approach to poverty and provide mechanisms to low-income consumers to cope with consumption restrictions. First, many of the informants cope with material constraints by redefining the meanings of poverty and proactively resisting consumer culture through utilizing religious discourses and norms. Second, structural issues such as their roots in village and living with people who have similar backgrounds affect the intensity of felt deprivation and their coping in the city. Third, low-income consumers find unconventional ways of meeting their needs and wants through effective and creative uses of their resources. Lastly, those who receive or accept social support are better able to handle material restrictions. Lowincome consumers use community ties to boost their identities and differentiate themselves from affluent consumers. The thesis ends with a discussion of contributions, implications, limitations, and future research directions.