Browsing by Subject "conflict"
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Item Open Access Co-existence and conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims in the 16th century Ottoman Istanbul(Bilkent University, 2008) Çolak, HasanThe attempt of the Ottoman administration to confiscate the Orthodox churches in Istanbul in the 16th century is frequently cited in current historiography. However, transformation of this incident into differing versions throughout centuries prevented many historians from analyzing the issue in detail. For this reason this study attempts to analyze the development of the story, first. The most important aspect of the issue blurring the mind of many historians is the reason behind the decision of the Ottoman administration to confiscate the churches. The reason should be looked for not in the attitude of the sultans towards Christians but in the evolution of the city from its Byzantine period onwards. As a result of the population explosion in the 16th century, Muslim and non-Muslim neighborhoods intersected, and this created a painful course, which iv turned co-existence into a painful process.Item Open Access Cooperative security in the Black Sea region(Bilkent University, 2003) Şenol, ÖzkanDuring the Cold War years, the Black Sea was treated as a barrier and borderline rather than an integral part of the European politics. With the end of the Cold War, The Black Sea area emerged as a region on the physical and intellectual map of Europe with its political, economical, and military dynamics. This thesis is a study on the role of cooperative initiatives to increase security in the Black Sea region within the framework of cooperative security. It aims to analyze the cooperative security efforts in the region with a certain emphasis on the post-Cold War developments. This study argues that the strategic importance of the Black Sea region to the West, and to Europe in particular has increased substantially in recent years. Provided the region’s geostrategic position as a natural link between Europe and Asia, and between Central Asia and the Middle East, it constitutes a vital trade link as well as an important area of transit. Moreover, instability and potential for conflict in the region, its energy sources, and its economic prospects matter to the international community. At the same time this study argues that the BSEC, GUUAM, and BLACKSEAFOR as main regional cooperative initiatives have contributed to the peace, security and stability of the Black Sea region with their various activities. It evaluates that the OSCE, NATO, and the EU as wider European organizations have played an important role in projecting security and stability to the region through their various mechanisms