Browsing by Subject "Method of moments (MoM)"
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Item Open Access Analysis of finite arrays of circumferentially oriented printed dipoles on electrically large cylinders(Wiley, 2004) Ertürk, V. B.; Güner, B.An efficient and accurate hybrid method of moments (MoM)/Green's function technique in the spatial domain is developed for the rigorous analysis of large, finite phased arrays of circumferentially oriented printed dipoles on electrically large, dielectric-coated, circular cylinders. Basic performance metrics (in the form of array current distribution, active reflection coefficient, far-field patterns, and so forth) of several arrays have been obtained and compared with similar printed arrays on grounded planar substrates. Certain discrepancies have been observed and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Open Access Analysis of slotted sectoral waveguide arrays with multilayered radomes(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Kalfa, M.; Ertürk, V. B.A method of moments/Green's function (MoM/GF) technique in the space domain is used for the rigorous and fast analysis of cylindrically conformal slotted sectoral waveguide arrays (SSWGAs) in the presence of multilayered cylindrical dielectric radomes. Representing the slots by fictitious magnetic currents via the equivalence principle, the geometry is divided into two regions and separate GF representations for each region are developed to be used in conjunction with the MoM procedure. Particularly, in the region that constitutes the cylindrically stratified medium, the newly developed closed-form GF representations for magnetic currents are valid for all source and observation points, including the source region (where source and observation points are on the top of each other). Basic performance metrics of an SSWGA such as equivalent slot currents, S-parameters, radiation patterns in the presence of a multilayered cylindrical radome are presented to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique. © 1963-2012 IEEE.Item Open Access Application of iterative techniques for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric random and reentrant rough surfaces(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2006) Inan, K.; Ertürk, V. B.Stationary [e.g., forward-backward method (FBM)] and nonstationary [e.g., conjugate gradient squared, quasi-minimal residual, and biconjugate gradient stabilized (Bi-CGSTAB)] iterative techniques are applied to the solution of electromagnetic wave scattering from dielectric random rough surfaces with arbitrary complex dielectric constants. The convergence issues as well as the efficiency and accuracy of all the approaches considered in this paper are investigated by comparing obtained scattering (in the form of normalized radar cross section) and surface field values with the numerically exact solution, computed by employing the conventional method of moments. It has been observed that similar to perfectly and imperfectly conducting rough surface cases, the stationary iterative FBM converges faster when applied to geometries yielding best conditioned systems but exhibits convergence difficulties for general geometries due to its inherit limitations. However, nonstationary techniques are, in general, more robust when applied to arbitrarily general dielectric random rough surfaces, which yield more ill-conditioned systems. Therefore, they might prove to be more suitable for general scattering problems. Besides, as opposed to the perfectly and imperfectly conducting rough surface cases, the Bi-CGSTAB method and FBM show two interesting behaviors for dielectric rough surface profiles: 1) FBM generally converges for reentrant surfaces when the vertical polarization is considered and 2) the Bi-CGSTAB method has a peculiar convergence problem for horizontal polarization. Unlike the other nonstationary iterative techniques used in this paper, where a Jacobi preconditioner is used, convergent results are obtained by using a block-diagonal preconditioner.Item Open Access Characteristic basis function method for solving electromagnetic scattering problems over rough terrain profiles(IEEE, 2010-3-1) Yagbasan, A.; Tunc, C. A.; Erturk V. B.; Altintas, A.; Mittra, R.A computationally efficient algorithm, which combines the characteristic basis function method (CBFM), the physical optics (PO) approach (when applicable) with the forward backward method (FBM), is applied for the investigation of electromagnetic scattering fromand propagation overlarge-scale rough terrain problems. The algorithm utilizes high-level basis functions defined on macro-domains (blocks), called the characteristic basis functions (CBFs) that are constructed by aggregating low-level basis functions (i.e., conventional sub-domain basis functions). The FBM as well as the PO approach (when applicable) are used to construct the aforementioned CBFs. The conventional CBFM is slightly modified to handle large-terrain problems, and is further embellished by accelerating it, as well as reducing its storage requirements, via the use of an extrapolation procedure. Numerical results for the total fields, as well as for the path loss are presented and compared with either measured or previously published reference solutions to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm.Item Open Access Closed-form Green's function representations in cylindrically stratified media for method of moments applications(IEEE, 2009) Karan, S.; Ertürk, V. B.; Altintas, A.Closed-form Green's function (CFGF) representations for cylindrically stratified media, which can be used as the kernel of an electric field integral equation, are developed. The developed CFGF representations can safely be used in a method of moments solution procedure, as they are valid for almost all possible source and field points that lie on the same radial distance from the axis of the cylinder (such as the air-dielectric and dielectric-dielectric interfaces) including the axial line (ρ = ρ′ and φ = φ′), which has not been available before. In the course of obtaining these expressions, the conventional spectral domain Green's function representations are rewritten in a different form so that i) we can attack the axial line problem and ii) the method can handle electrically large cylinders. Available acceleration techniques that exist in the literature are implemented to perform the summation over the cylindrical eigenmodes efficiently. Lastly, the resulting expressions are transformed to the spatial domain using the discrete complex image method with the help of the generalized pencil of function method, where a modified two-level approach is used. Numerical results are presented in the form of mutual coupling between two current modes to assess the accuracy of the final spatial domain CFGF representations.Item Open Access Particle swarm optimization of dipole arrays for superior MIMO capacity(WILEY, 2009) Olgun, U.; Tunc, C. A.; Aktas, D.; Ertürk, V. B.; Altintas, A.The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is employed to design MIMO arrays for superior capacity. A channel model based on the method of moments solution of the electric field integral equation is utilized with PSO for arrays of dipole elements. Freestanding and printed dipole arrays are analyzed and optimized. Their adaptive performance in the MIMO channel is compared. Numerical results in the form of mean capacity, including comparisons with genetic algorithm results and measurements, are given.Item Open Access Scan blindness phenomenon in conformal finite phased arrays of printed dipoles(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2006) Ertürk, V. B.; Bakir, O.; Rojas, R. G.; Güner, B.Scan blindness phenomenon for finite phased arrays of printed dipoles on material coated, electrically large circular cylinders is investigated. Effects on the scan blindness mechanism of several array and supporting structure parameters, including curvature effects, are observed and discussed. A full-wave solution, based on a hybrid method of moments/ Green's function technique in the spatial domain, is used to achieve the aforementioned goals. Numerical results show that the curvature affects the surface waves and hence the mutual coupling between array elements. As a result, the array current distribution of arrays mounted on coated cylinders are considerably different compared to similar arrays on planar platforms. Therefore, finite phased arrays of printed dipoles on coated cylinders show different behavior in terms of scan blindness phenomenon compared to their planar counterparts. Furthermore, this phenomenon is completely different for axially and circumferentially oriented printed dipoles on coated cylinders suggesting that particular element types might be important for cylindrical arrays.Item Open Access The use of curl-conforming basis functions for the magnetic-field integral equation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2006) Ergül, Özgür; Gürel, LeventDivergence-conforming Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions are commonly used in integral-equation formulations to model the surface current distributions on planar triangulations. In this paper, a novel implementation of the magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE) employing the curl-conforming n̂ × RWG basis and testing functions is introduced for improved current modelling. Implementation details are outlined in the contexts of the method of moments, the fast multipole method, and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm. Based on the examples of electromagnetic modelling of conducting scatterers, it is demonstrated that significant improvement in the accuracy of the MFIE can be obtained by using the curl-conforming n̂ × RWG functions.