Browsing by Subject "Labor markets"
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Item Open Access Does money matter? A deterministic model with cash-in-advance constraints in factor markets(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999) Başçı, Erdem; Sağlam, İsmail; Alkan, A.; Aliprantis, C. D.; Yannelis, N. C.This paper points to the importance of finance constraints in affecting competitive outcomes in economies that operate with money. We study a simple dynamic economy that operates through the use of fiat money under cash-in-advance constraints in all markets. We assume that the labor market opens before the goods market and the total money stock changes at a constant rate. After describing the economy, we define and characterize its stationary monetary competitive equilibria (Sl\ICE). In all cases where SMCE exist, the real wage is observed to be below the marginal product of labor and negatively related to the money growth rate, leaving positive pure profits to the firms. Only under Friedman's optimal money supply rule, zero pure profits are obtained. Neutrality of money is also studied in this context. In cases where the SMCE is unique, the equilibrium is Pareto efficient and money is neutral. In the case of continuum of equilibria and under sticky wages, which is consistent with market clearing in this model, the level of money stock can affect levels of output, employment, and welfare.Item Open Access Labor market implications of multinational enterprises(Bilkent University, 2007) Sağlam, BaharIn this dissertation, the labor market implications of increased foreign Firm activity in the local economy are studied by using a heterogeneous matching model framework. There are a number of unskilled and skilled job seekers, and a number of job vacancies posted by local and foreign firms. In this set up, where all workers can engage in on-the-job search, equilibrium conditions and Nash bargaining approach allows derivation of wages for different types of workers and Firms. Results suggest that wages are a weighted average of labor productivity and unemployment benefit, where the weight depends on the bargaining power of the workers, labor market tightness and the mass of local and foreign vacancies. Results suggest that levels of wages paid by the foreign Firm need not always be greater than that paid by the local Firm. In fact, the wage differential is found to depend on relative costs, skill endowment and the technological gap between local and foreign Firms. An increase in the foreign presence, measured as an increase in the extent of foreign Firm vacancy creation, can occur because of an exogenous change in cost of job creation- public policy, technological improvements and skill upgrading. In this context, depending on the cause of an increase in foreign presence we end up with differential relative wage effects. On the other hand, skill intensity of the foreign Firms and restrictions on labor mobility from foreign to local Firms play a crucial role in explaining wage differentials and unemployment.Item Embargo Nonexclusive competition for a freelancer under adverse selection(Elsevier BV, 2022-09-30) Bayrak, Halil İbrahim; Dalkıran, Nuh AygünA freelancer with a time constraint faces offers from multiple identical parties. The quality of the service provided by the freelancer can be high or low and is only known by the freelancer. The freelancer’s time cost is strictly increasing and convex. We show that a pure-strategy equilibrium exists if and only if the preferences of the high-type freelancer satisfy one of the following two distinct conditions: the high-type freelancer does not prefer providing his services for a price equal to the expected quality at the no-trade point; the high-type freelancer prefers providing his services for a price equal to the expected quality at any feasible trade point. If holds, then in equilibrium, the high-type freelancer does not trade, whereas the low-type may not trade, may trade efficiently, or may exhaust all of his capacity. Moreover, the buyers make zero profit from each of their traded contracts. If holds, then both types of the freelancer trade at the capacity in equilibrium. Furthermore, the buyers make zero expected profit with cross-subsidization. In any equilibrium, the aggregate equilibrium trades are unique. Our results extend to the case where the freelancer has more than two types if the buyers are restricted to offering concave tariffs.Item Open Access Türkiye’de istihdam-büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bölgesel hesaplanabilir genel denge modeli uygulaması(DİSK Birleşik Metal-İş, 2012) Yeldan, Alp Erinç; Özsan, M. E.; Taşçı, K.Ülkeler arasında olduğu gibi bir ülkenin iç bölgeleri arasında da eşitsizlikler, iktisadi ve doğal kaynakların dağılımında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Latin Amerika ekonomileri ile birlikte Türkiye, hem kişiler arasında gelir dağılımı hem de bölgeler arasında gelişmişlik farklarının en yüksek olduğu ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde uygulanmış olan bölgesel gelişme projeleri, il ve bölge planı deneyimleri, “Kalkınmada Öncelikli Yöreler” politikası ve bölgesel teşvikler gibi değişik politika araçları da istenen düzeyde başarı elde edememiştir. Türkiye’yi tek bir homojen bölge olarak ele alan ve bölgesel karakteristikleri göz ardı ederek uygulamaya geçirilen politikaların beklenen sonuçları doğurmadığı görülmektedir. Genel itibarıyla Türkiye, doğu-batı ayırımında gelişmişlik farkının derinden hissedildiği bir ülke konumundadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da nüfus ve fert başına gelir esasına dayalı olarak Türkiye’yi iki büyük bölgeye (doğu ve batı bölgeleri) ayırarak, Türkiye Girdi-Çıktı Tablosunu ve Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisini iki bölgeli ve iki sektörlü bir yapıda ele almak; ve bir Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modeli yardımı ile de bölgesel politika araçlarının etki analizini gerçekleştirmektir. Bu model çalışması ile birlikte, bölgesel gelişmeye etki eden tüm politika araçlarının ölçülebilir sonuçlarının elde edilmesi mümkün olmaktadır.