Browsing by Subject "Gender differences"
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Item Open Access Attitudes of design students toward computer usage in design(Springer Netherlands, 2006-01) Pektaş, S. T.; Erkip, F.The success of efforts to integrate technology with design education is largely affected by the attitudes of students toward technology. This paper presents the findings of a research on the attitudes of design students toward the use of computers in design and its correlates. Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are the most widely used computer applications in design. An instrument was developed and applied for the first time to relate computer attitude to design field through CAD. Interior architecture undergraduates of Bilkent University participated in the survey. As a result, students' attitudes toward the use of computers in design were found to be positive. A significant gender difference in attitudes toward computers was observed with males having more positive attitudes than females. The results also revealed that students' attitude toward computer usage in design was highly related to their general attitude toward computers, but it was not correlated with their perception of instructors' attitude toward the use of computers in design. © Springer 2006.Item Open Access Cognitive and emotional representations of terror attacks: a cross-cultural exploration(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Shiloh, S.; Güvenç, G.; Önkal D.A questionnaire measuring cognitive and affective representations of terror risk was developed and tested in Turkey and Israel. Participants in the study were university students from the two countries (n = 351). Four equivalent factors explained terror risk cognitions in each sample: costs, vulnerability, trust, and control. A single negative emotionality factor explained the affective component of terror risk representations in both samples. All factors except control could be measured reliably. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire by showing expected associations between cognitions and emotions, as well as indicating gender differences and cultural variations. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches, and practical implications.Item Open Access Contradicting perceptions of women’s and men’s sexuality: evidence of gender double standards in Türkiye(Springer, 2023-05-30) Savas, Gokhan; Yol, FatmaPerceptions of individuals’ sexuality vary by culturally defined femininity and masculinity. Little research has examined people’s judgments for men’s and women’s sexual behavior. This quantitative research aims to investigate whether Turkish people have different judgments about the sexual behaviors of men and women. It utilized the “Values Module” in “Türkiye Survey 2015” that is a national dataset conducted by the Social Sciences University of Ankara including 2630 individuals, 18 years old or over, from 70 provinces. The present study finds that Turkish people have more positive attitudes towards males’ sexual behaviors, including premarital sex and extramarital sex. It also finds that not only men have more positive attitudes towards males’ sexuality, but also women hold similar attitudes.Item Open Access Gender differences in item format and skill area: some evidence from an EFL acheievement test(Journal of Language Taeching and Learning, 2014) Engin, A.; Ortaçtepe, D.The present study investigated the extent to which male and female language learners’ scores on achievement tests vary according to item format and skill areas. The statistical analysis of data from one achievement test administered to 303 pre-intermediate level students indicated that males and females’ scores showed differences in both item format and skill areas. While females outperformed males significantly with ‘find the correct form’ and ‘paragraph writing’ questions, males did not show any superiority in any item format. Females also outperformed males in three skill areas; ‘writing’ ‘grammar’ and ‘vocabulary’ while males scored higher only in ‘listening’. Possible reasons behind these differences between males and females’ scores can benefit future researchers, language teachers, and administrators in terms of theoretical and practical perspectives.Item Open Access Self-construals and values in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts(2004) Imamoǧlu, E. O.; Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z.In this study the authors investigated (a) how individuational and relational self-orientations, as well as self-directed and other-directed values, are related to one another, and (b) how these self- and value orientations differ across 2 cultural (i.e., 422 Turkish and 441 American university students) and 2 socioeconomic status (SES) groups (i.e., 186 lower SES and 167 upper SES Turkish high school students). Across cross-cultural and SES groups, individuational and relational self-orientations appeared to be not opposite but distinct orientations, as predicted by the Balanced Integration-Differentiation (BID) model (E. O. Imamoǧlu, 2003). Furthermore, both Turkish and American students with similar self-construal types, as suggested by the BID model, showed similar value orientations, pointing to both cross-cultural similarities and within-cultural diversity. Individuational and relational self-orientations showed weak to moderate associations with the respective value domains of self-directedness and other-directedness, which seemed to represent separate but somewhat positively correlated orientations. In both cross-cultural and SES groups, students tended to be high in both relational and individ-uational self-orientations; those trends were particularly strong among the Turkish and American women compared with men and among the upper SES Turkish adolescents compared with lower SES adolescents. Results are discussed as contesting the assumptions that regard the individuational and relational orientations as opposites and as supporting the search for invariant aspects of psychological functioning across contexts.Item Open Access The things they carry: characterizing the biggest problems in the lives of emerging adults(Guilford Publications, 2016) North, R. J.; Lewis, D. M. G.; Capecelatro, M. R.; Sherrill, B. N.; Ravyts, S. G.; Fontan, G.Drawing on the writings of 315 undergraduate participants who wrote for four consecutive days, 20 minutes each day, about the biggest problem in their lives (North, Pai, hixon, & holahan, 2011), the present study analyzes the text of the writings to characterize the biggest problems in the lives of emerging adults. Specifically, we used two analytic strategies-content coding by raters and linguistic analysis- to address four questions: (1) what were the biggest problems in participants' lives?; (2) were there gender differences in the types of problems that men and women reported?; (3) what was the relative level of emotional distress between individuals with different types of problems?; and (4) were there gender differences in the level of emotional distress associated with the biggest problem in individuals' lives? Findings confirm some existing ideas about major problems facing emerging adults and spotlight new ideas. Findings also challenge longstanding assumptions about gender differences.