Browsing by Subject "Error"
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Item Open Access Failed family photographs: errors left out from the algorithmic definition of perfect photographs(Bilkent University, 2018-06) Kaş, NaileThe subject matter of this study is defining and classifying “errors” left out from the algorithmic definition of “perfect photograph” in visual technologies and making understandable their relation with the developments in tools. New features that promote “perfect photographs” are added to cameras and applications and then they start to shape the perceptions. At this point, how the “perfect photograph” is defined is very important because it is very subjective topic varying from person to person and over time. The categorization is made according to algorithms used in digital cameras, cellphone cameras and applications. They are technical errors, timing errors and non-smile errors. The applications, the modes of cameras are exemplified and the predetermined standards of them are explained in this study.The introduction of advances in the field of image technology starts to change the standards in family photography. As a part of vernacular photographs, the family album takes its share from the effects of algorithms in cameras and applications. With the strong relation to memory, the elimination of errors in family albums has important meaning and results. As a practical side of the thesis, “Failed” is an interactive installation composed of family photographs. For the celebration of imperfections in family albums, an interactive and participative approach is preferred. All these “imperfections” in family albums that we could keep give me an inspiration to pursue the errors definition by algorithms.Item Open Access Inertial imaging with nanomechanical systems(Nature Publishing Group, 2015) Hanay, M. S.; Kelber, S. I.; O'Connell, C. D.; Mulvaney, P.; Sader, J. E.; Roukes, M. L.Mass sensing with nanoelectromechanical systems has advanced significantly during the last decade. With nanoelectromechanical systems sensors it is now possible to carry out ultrasensitive detection of gaseous analytes, to achieve atomic-scale mass resolution and to perform mass spectrometry on single proteins. Here, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of mass within an individual analyte can be imaged - in real time and at the molecular scale - when it adsorbs onto a nanomechanical resonator. Each single-molecule adsorption event induces discrete, time-correlated perturbations to all modal frequencies of the device. We show that by continuously monitoring a multiplicity of vibrational modes, the spatial moments of mass distribution can be deduced for individual analytes, one-by-one, as they adsorb. We validate this method for inertial imaging, using both experimental measurements of multimode frequency shifts and numerical simulations, to analyse the inertial mass, position of adsorption and the size and shape of individual analytes. Unlike conventional imaging, the minimum analyte size detectable through nanomechanical inertial imaging is not limited by wavelength-dependent diffraction phenomena. Instead, frequency fluctuation processes determine the ultimate attainable resolution. Advanced nanoelectromechanical devices appear capable of resolving molecular-scale analytes.Item Open Access Major sources of collocational errors made by EFL learners at Koya University(Bilkent University, 2010) Hama, Hawraz Q.The aim of the present study was to explore the main sources of collocational errors made by learners of English as Foreign Language (EFL). To address this issue, 40 Kurdish seniors studying EFL at Koya University’s College of Languages located in Northern Iraq participated in this study. Quantitative data were obtained from the collocation completion test used to explore the main sources of collocational errors made by the participants. Qualitative data were obtained from think-aloud protocols aimed to find out possible main source(s) of collocational errors. The results showed that the participants’ collocational errors resulted from two major sources, namely, low frequency of collocations and the influence of L1. Factors such as the frequency of collocation components and Mutual Information (MI) were found to be ineffective in the production of correct collocations because these factors did not cause errors in collocations. Finally, implications of these results for teaching are discussed. Additionally, suggestions were made for ways in which researchers and materials designers could provide better language teaching materials with respect to collocations taking into account major factors that often cause difficulty in collocations.