Browsing by Subject "Cooperation"
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Item Restricted 96’lar Apartmanı(Bilkent University, 2020) Ülger, Fazilet Nagihan; Ülgü, Mert Bahadır; Elçin, Barış; Taş, Nuri; Büyükşahin, Onat Raşit96’lar Apartmanı Mimar Mehmet Arman Güran tarafından 1962 yılında Ankara Kolej’de inşa edilmiş bir apartmandır. İsmini planında 96 daire barındırmasından alan yapı, Ankara’nın İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası hızlı nüfus artışına ve şehirde yeni oluşmaya başlamış orta sınıfın barınma ihtiyacına yönelik tasarlanmış bir kooperatifçilik projesidir. Mimarisi, yapıldığı yıllarda dünyada etki göstermeye başlamış Le Corbusier yaklaşımının bir örneğidir. Ankara’nın değişen sosyokültürel yapısına uyum sağlayarak üç farklı aile için dört farklı daire tipi barındıran apartman, dikey değil yatay planlanması ve site yerine tek bloktan oluşmasıyla da kendine has modern bir mimariye sahiptir. Kızılay ve çevresinde yeni yeni inşa edilmiş kamu kuruluşlarının ortaya çıkardığı memur kesimin barınma ihtiyacına modern bir çözüm olmuştur. Şehrin öne çıkan tarihi yapıları arasında yer alan bu apartmanın Ankara’nın kentsel dönüşümünde özel bir yeri vardır. Kolej mahalle kültürü üzerinde de etkisi bulunurken yapıldığı yıldan beri birçok sakininin hayatında unutulmaz izler bırakmıştır. Hala kullanılmakta olan 96’lar Apartmanı, başkentin kuruluşu sırasındaki sosyokültürel, sosyoekonomik ve mimari değişiminin tanığıdır.Item Restricted Adını dünyaya duyurmuş bir Türk markası: Lassa'nın tarihçesi(Bilkent University, 2020) Ertürk, Efe; Arıcan, Ayseren; Kantarcıoğlu, Doruk; Torun, Gözde; Altun, Ata CemBu proje, lastik sektöründe kendini kanıtlamış Lassa markasının geçtiği süreçleri ve sektörün lideri olma yolunda alınan karar ve ortaklıkları ele almaktadır. 1970'li yılların başında dünyayı sarsan petrol krizinden kısa bir süre sonra kurulan Lassa markası, ekonomik sıkıntılara rağmen ayakta kalmayı başarır ve marka güveni sayesinde Japon lastik devi Bridgestone ile Brisa ortaklığına imza atar. Bu ortaklıktan sonra hem yurtiçinde hem de yurtdışında sektördeki kalıcılığını belli etmiştir. Çalışma boyunca Lassa'nın oluşturduğu marka değerini ve imza attığı yeni gelişmeleri konu alan gazete haberlerine yer verilmiştir.Item Open Access Alternative futures for the European Union-Turkey accession negotiations(Metropolitni Univerzita Praha, 2013) Güner, S. Ş.This work proposes a simple two-period interaction model to study EU-Turkey accession negotiations. Turkey perceives the EU as composed of two distinct groups with respect to its accession: traditional supporters and objectors. Supporters opt for either cooperation or defection in period one while objectors consistently oppose Turkish accession. Turkey reacts to cooperation and defection in the second period under its perceptions of EU support. Future uncertainties concerning Turkey's accession do not prevent supporters' cooperation provided that Turkey becomes successful in economics, political reforms, and foreign policy. Turkey continues to negotiate not because it appreciates supporters' cooperation but because no supporter defects. Supporters become concerned about the future interacting with a failing Turkey. Unlike impatient supporters that are less concerned about the future, patient supporters oppose a failing Turkey's accession. Turkey then extremely appreciates supporters' cooperation but quits accession process that becomes highly costly.Item Open Access The appeal of social capital: analyzing the conceptualization of the concept(Bilkent University, 2018-05) Erden, Veysel YiğitThis thesis aims to make an analysis of conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of ‘social capital’ in the social sciences. Therefore, this thesis looks for answers to the questions such as why the scientific community focused on the conceptualization and operationalization of this concept more frequently compared to several other concepts which could have gained popularity in social science literature, and how and why the number of references to the concept of social capital started to increase dramatically in literature during the 1990s and 2000s. For answering the two main questions of this thesis, the most cited academic studies according to Google Scholar were examined in detail to comprehend the main framework used by wellknown scholars to conceptualize and operationalize the concept of social capital. This thesis identified that the scientific community focused on the conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of social capital due to the explanatory power of the concept as opposed to concepts such as financial capital, physical capital and human capital for the transformation in and complexity of industrial societies. It does so by also examining the types of and questions around measurement while using the concept. Other concepts were considered as less comprehensive for explaining the transformation processes especially in economic development, employment, poverty alleviation and democracy at the micro and macro levels in the modern world. Furthermore, by operationalizing social capital as the independent variable, scholars were also able to capture the post-1990 transformations in the advanced industrialized world better, especially when holding other variables constant. Thus, both its explanatory power and the shortcomings of the other concepts in capturing the transformation led to its appeal.Item Restricted Bir kooperatif yapılanması geçmişten günümüze İşçi Blokları (100. Yıl Mahallesi)(Bilkent University, 2021) Erdoğan, Alperen; Budak, Cankut; Tekik, Kerem; Kaplan, Kutay; Yıldırım, Muhammed SerkanDünyada sanayi devrimini takip eden gelişmeler sonucu tarım sektöründe ihtiyaç duyulan iş gücünün azalmasıyla başlayıp günümüze kadar devam eden şehirleşme hareketleri Türkiye'de 1950 yılından itibaren yoğun bir biçimde görülmeye başlamıştır ve kentleşme hareketlerinden en çok etkilenen şehirlerden biri de başkent Ankara olmuştur. Temeli 1973 yılında S.S. Ankara İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu Mensupları Kooperatifi tarafından atılan 100. Yıl Mahallesi İşçi Konutları, Ankara'daki kentleşme olgusuna dair nitelikli bir örnek teşkil etmektedir.Item Restricted Çağımızın Yunusu Faruk Dilaver(Bilkent University, 2020) Kılıç, Onur Arda; Çiçek, Sinem; Söylemez, Hatice Güleycan; Baltacı, Ekin; Güler, OnurcanYunus Emre 13.yüzyılda yaşamış Türk tasavvuf ve halk şairidir. Eserlerinde Türk kültürünü arı bir dille sunan ve sevgi, hoşgörü, insancıllık gibi konulara değinen ozanın şiirleri ve öğretileri asırlardır edebiyat ve tarih araştırmacıları tarafından incelenmektedir. Bu uğurda çalışmalar yürüten ve Yunus Emre karakterinin çağrıştırdığı yardımlaşma ve dayanışma kavramlarının çatısı altında kurulan birçok dernek mevcuttur. Bu araştırma, Türkiye Yunus Emre Dernekleri Federasyonu'nun kurucusu ve başkanı, araştırmacı-yazar Faruk Dilaver'in hayatı ve federasyonun yürüttüğü birtakım çalışmalar üzerinedir. Ayrıca Faruk Dilaver'in 1970'li yıllarda Türkiye'nin çeşitli yerlerinde bilişim sistemlerinin tanıtılması ve yaygınlaşması adına verdiği bilgisayar dersleri doğrultusunda Türkiye'de bilgisayarın kısa bir tarihçesine ve Dilaver'in bu alandaki katkılarına da yer verilmiştir. Yunus Emre üzerine çalışmalar yürüten ve yardımlaşma faaliyetleri düzenleyen federasyonun başkanı Faruk Dilaver'in Türkiye'de bilgisayar teknolojisinin tanıtılması ve yaygın hale gelmesi adına sürdürdüğü çalışmalar da onun farklı alanlardaki etkinliğini göstermektedir.Item Open Access Changing alliance and cooperation dynamics : globalization, nation-state and the threat(Bilkent University, 2010) Çağlar, BarışThis dissertation is a study about the form and dynamics of inter-state cooperation and alignment against transnational terrorism epitomized by Al-Qaeda. Since international security is traditionally regarded as the parcel of nation-states, transnational terrorism is a conceptual new-comer to the playground of politics. Its scale of operations occurs in a security environment structurally different from that of the Cold War. The recurrent reason given for debating the role and relevance of alliances in regard to counterterrorism is discussed in the literature to be a systemic change in world affairs marked by the end of the Cold War and globalization. The latter must be disaggregated to determine the essential elements and features of the systemic differences and related threats. Does contemporary inter-state cooperation and alignment against transnational terrorism correspond to the previous alignment behaviors of states that were conducted against other states? Analyzing the evolving forms of cooperation in general and the form of cooperation in alliances is the aim of the study. Through a three-pronged analytical discussion based on the factors of globalization, unit-level preferences and the features of the threat itself, the study concludes that cooperation form in general and in alliances in particular - including the form of cooperation in NATO- is experiencing a shift from a ‘defensive nature’ to a ‘security nature’. Coalitions of the Willing type of cooperation appears to be the re-emergent form of inter-state security cooperation, especially against ambiguous threats such as transnational terrorism that erodes the distinction between internal and external threats.Item Open Access The evolution of cooperation in finite populations with synergistic payoffs(Springer, 2019) Ventura, RafaelIn a series of papers, Forber and Smead (J Philos 111(3):151–166, 2014, Biol Philos 30(3):405–421, 2015) and Smead and Forber (Evolution 67(3):698–707, 2013) make a valuable contribution to the study of cooperation in finite populations by analyzing an understudied model: the prisoner’s delight. It always pays to cooperate in the one-shot prisoner’s delight, so this model presents a best-case scenario for the evolution of cooperation. Yet, what Forber and Smead find is highly counterintuitive. In finite populations playing the prisoner’s delight, increasing the benefit of cooperation causes selection to favor defection. Here, I extend their model by considering the effects of non-linear payoffs. In particular, I show that interesting subtleties arise when payoffs are synergistic. Indeed, analysis reveals that increasing the benefit of cooperation does not always favor the spread of defection if payoffs are synergistic. I conclude by drawing some general considerations about robustness analysis in evolutionary models.Item Open Access The forgotten dimensions of civil-military relations in Turkey(2010) Karaosmanoğlu, A.; Gökakin, B.O.Many analysts, in explaining civil-military relations in Turkey often develop their arguments within the framework of a binary and conflict-oriented paradigm. Although the confrontational analyses have long been reflective of certain aspects of the Turkish case their explanatory value is increasingly fading as a result of newly crystallizing trends characterized by an intense cooperation between the democratically elected government and the General Staff. The main defect of the dichotomous and confrontational paradigm is that it overlooks three fundamental epistemological approaches: The rational (strategic) action approach; the international structural-institutional approach, and the cultural approach.Item Open Access Immunomodulatory effects of TLR ligands and polysaccharide combinations : strategies to augment innate immune response(Bilkent University, 2007) Tincer, GizemMicrobial infection initiates multiple TLR ligand mediated signaling cascade on innate immune cells. While some TLRs trigger a Th1 biased immune activation, others may lead to a Th2 dominant immune response. Extracellular (TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 11) vs endosome-associated TLRs (TLR3, 7/8, and 9) display differential immune activation and cytokine milieu. Understanding contrasting and synergistic behaviors of these TLR subclasses when mixed together may lead to more potent formulations for immunotherapy. Delivery and retaining the stability of nucleic acid based labile TLR ligands to the site of immunologically relevant cells is also a challenge. In the first part of the thesis, optimum TLR combinations with differential immune effects will be brought into light. Next, immunomodulatory effect of a natural polysaccharide (PS) will be characterized. Finally the ability of a PS carrier to form complex with ligands of nucleic acid sensing TLRs and its potential as a controlled delivery vehicle to stimulate the immune cells will be documented. In brief, our results suggest that different PS types extracted from various mushroom sources are immunostimulatory and are targeted to TLR2/6 for delivery of other relevant stimulants. Moreover, certain TLR ligand combinations can be harnessed to induce more robust immune activation compared to their stand alone counterparts. This knowledge will pave the way for establishing an effective PS based carrier of DNA/RNA ligands thus, more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for treating infectious and other local or systemic diseases be possible.Item Open Access International terrorism in the age of globalization(Bilkent University, 2002) Aksoy, EceThis thesis analyzes the concept of terrorism in the age of globalization. Terrorism, which has been motivated by ideological, religious and national reasons, has added to its concern issues like inequality, injustice, dissatisfaction and antiglobalist movements, due to development and technology in the world. In order to clarify this shift in the policy, the concepts of terrorism and globalization are first explained as distinct issues. Terrorism has been globalized because of modernization, developments in technology, communication and the ease in transportation. Thus, globalization has started to serve terrorism, while with its positive effects it became helpful in the fight against terrorism. The connection of globalization to terrorism has been explained in this respect. As the previous tools of diplomacy and military measures started to lose their validity, international cooperation and law have emerged as the tool to fight against terrorism. Since terrorism is a phenomenon that cannot be totally abolished, the best way to minimize terrorism is the use of international law, with necessary organizations established to form a cooperation at the international level.Item Restricted İskenderun'dan dünyaya: Makzume Ailesi(Bilkent University, 2019) Gürçınar, Elifnaz; Harmancı, Kaan; Gündüz, Ilgın Göksu; Solak, BuğraProjede ilk olarak, ailenin kim olduğu, fertlerin ayrı ayrı önemi, Arap Hristiyan olarak Müslüman bir coğrafyada hayat faaliyetlerini sürdürüyor oluşları ve Türkiye'ye gelişleri incelendi. Ardından İskenderun'da kurulup bir dünya şirketi haline gelen Lyonel Antoine Makzume Deniz Taşımacılığı şirketinden derinlemesine bahsedildi. Bu şirketin gerek Türkiye, gerek aile için taşıdığı maddi ve manevi önem belirtildi. ġirketin ardından ise Makzume ailesinin yapmış olduğu hayırseverlik faaliyetleri, kurdukları devlet okulu ve vakıflar anlatıldı. Aile tarihi, deniz taşımacılığı şirketi ve yaptıkları hayırseverlik faaliyetleri ana başlıklarımız olurken, konu alt başlıklarında çeşitli sorulara cevap aranarak aile tarihi detaylı bir şekilde anlatıldı.Item Open Access Localization via visible light systems(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018) Keskin, M. F.; Sezer, A. D.; Gezici, SinanVisible light communication (VLC) is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple functionalities to be accomplished concurrently, including illumination, high-speed data communications, and localization. Based on the VLC technology, visible light positioning (VLP) systems aim to estimate locations of VLC receivers by utilizing light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters at known locations. VLP presents a viable alternative to radio frequency (RF)-based positioning systems by providing inexpensive and accurate localization services. In this paper, we consider the problem of localization in visible light systems and provide an extensive survey of various location estimation techniques, accompanied by discussions of their relative merits and demerits within the context of accuracy and computational complexity. In addition, we investigate a cooperative VLP system architecture in which VLC receiver units are able to communicate with each other for the purpose of cooperation, and present a low-complexity, iterative localization algorithm to demonstrate the benefits of cooperation in VLP systems. Finally, we investigate optimal strategies for power allocation among LED transmitters to maximize the localization accuracy subject to power and illumination constraints.Item Open Access Overlapping institutions on the way to non-hierarchy: EU-NATO relations between 1993-2016(Bilkent University, 2021-08) Sözen, AhmetThis study aims to analyze the dynamics of cooperation and competition between the EU and NATO between 1993 and 2016. Specifically, this research evaluated the dynamics of cooperation and competition between the EU and NATO within the scope of functional overlapping and hierarchy, which are basic dimensions of the regime complex theory developed in the first ten years of the 21st century. The study shows that the EU and NATO jointly operate in the field of military crisis management policy. At the same time, the study argues that although there is a hierarchy in favour of NATO between the EU and NATO, this hierarchy has decreased over time. This thesis states that both cooperation and competition dynamics can be seen between the two organizations because the EU and NATO operate jointly in military crisis management policy area. However, based on the decreasing hierarchy between EU and NATO, this thesis argues that the relationship between the two organizations is on the way from cooperation to competition.Item Open Access A tool to enhance cooperation and knowledge transfer among software developers(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009) Aydın, Seçil; Mishra, D.Software developers have been successfully tailoring software development methods according to the project situation and more so in small scale software development organizations. There is a need to share this knowledge with other developers who may be facing the same project situation so that they can benefit from other people experiences. In this paper, an approach to enhance cooperation among software developers, in terms of sharing the knowledge that was used successfully in past projects, is proposed. A web-based tool is developed that can assist in creation, storage and extraction of methods related with requirement elicitation phase. These methods are categorized according to certain criteria which helps in searching a method that will be most appropriate in a given project situation. This approach and tool can also be used for other software development activities. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Item Open Access Türkiye'de sivil asker-ilişkisinin unutulan boyutları(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2010) Karaosmanoğlu, B.; Gökakın, Behice ÖzlemTürkiye’de sivil-asker ilişkileri çoğu zaman ikili ve çatışmacı bir paradigma içinde anlaşılmakta ve açıklanmaktadır. Her ne kadar bu kuramsal çerçeve Türkiye’deki durumu belli bir açıdan yansıtıyor olsa da, “sivil-asker işbirliğini” açıklamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Seçimle iktidara gelen sivil Hükümet ile Genelkurmay arasında süren yoğun işbirliğini anlamak ve açıklamak için değişik paradigmalardan esinlenen çok yönlü bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç vardır. Çatışmayı öne çıkaran yaklaşım üç temel epistemolojik geleneği ihmal etmektedir: akılcı (stratejik) eylem yaklaşımı; uluslararası yapısal-kurumsal yaklaşım ve kültürel yaklaşım.Item Open Access Understanding the role of sub-state entities in countering transnational terrorism : the case of transnational police cooperation practices(Bilkent University, 2010) Yön, HasanThis dissertation is an analysis of the role of sub-state entities in countering transnational terrorism especially in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, which emerged as an alternative option to the traditional security understanding basically shaped by nation states. Emerging practices and roles of sub-state entities in countering terrorism has been investigated to understand both their roles in the counterterrorrism field and their influence on nation states. Examination of a plethora of existing and newly emerging sub-state practices reveals that such entities have been taking growing roles in the counter-terrorism field, which were previously believed to belong solely to nation states and their relevant international instruments. More importantly, this dissertation proposes that nation states are also trying to adapt themselves to this new emerging counter-terrorism environment enriched by substate entities. In that regard, emerging new cooperative police initiatives present valuable examples.