Browsing by Subject "Carbon emissions"
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Item Open Access Development of a supervisory controller for residential energy management problems(AACC, 2012-06) Akgün, Emre; Çakmakçı, MelihIn recent years, the infrastructure that supplies energy to residential areas has started to evolve into a multi-source system, just like in automotive industry in which hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been replacing conventional gasoline vehicles. Multi energy source systems considered as a potential solution for carbon emission problems despite their challenges in their operation due to increased complexity. In this paper, a control design approach successfully applied in the automotive industry is used to solve a residential energy management problem. First, a dynamic programming method is applied to obtain optimal control actions for the representative demand profiles and then by using these results, a causal supervisory controller is developed. It is found that the developed baseline controller performs 1-2% better daily in its initial form in terms of operational costs, compared to available heuristic strategies. © 2012 AACC American Automatic Control Council).Item Open Access Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China(Elsevier Ltd, 2009) Jalil, A.; Mahmud, S. F.This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption, income and foreign trade in the case of China by employing time series data of 1975-2005. In particular the study aims at testing whether environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita real GDP holds in the long run or not. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology is employed for empirical analysis. A quadratic relationship between income and CO2 emission has been found for the sample period, supporting EKC relationship. The results of Granger causality tests indicate one way causality runs through economic growth to CO2 emissions. The results of this study also indicate that the carbon emissions are mainly determined by income and energy consumption in the long run. Trade has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on CO2 emissions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Retail location competition under carbon penalty(Bilkent University, 2016-03) Dilek, HandeThis thesis examines the retail location problem on a Hotelling line in two di erent settings: a decentralized system in which two competing retailers simultaneously choose the locations of their own stores, and a centralized system in which a single retail chain chooses the locations of its two stores. In both settings, the stores procure their products from a common warehouse and each consumer purchases from the closest store. The retailers in the decentralized system want to maximize their individual pro ts determined by the sales revenue minus the transportation costs for replenishment and consumer travels. The retail chain in the centralized system wants to maximize the sum of the two individual pro ts. Transportation costs depend on not only fuel consumption but also carbon emission. In the decentralized system, we establish that both retailers choose the same location in equilibrium in high margin markets. Numerical experiments provide further insights into the location problem: The retail chain chooses di erent locations for its stores at optimality in all instances. However, under low transportation costs, the retailers in the decentralized system choose the same location in equilibrium. As the consumer transportation costs increase, the stores are located further away from each other towards their respective consumer segments, converging to the centralized solution. Carbon penalty is more e ective for consumer travels than for replenishment in reducing excess emissions due to competition.