Browsing by Subject "BSEC"
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Item Open Access Cooperative security in the Black Sea region(Bilkent University, 2003) Şenol, ÖzkanDuring the Cold War years, the Black Sea was treated as a barrier and borderline rather than an integral part of the European politics. With the end of the Cold War, The Black Sea area emerged as a region on the physical and intellectual map of Europe with its political, economical, and military dynamics. This thesis is a study on the role of cooperative initiatives to increase security in the Black Sea region within the framework of cooperative security. It aims to analyze the cooperative security efforts in the region with a certain emphasis on the post-Cold War developments. This study argues that the strategic importance of the Black Sea region to the West, and to Europe in particular has increased substantially in recent years. Provided the region’s geostrategic position as a natural link between Europe and Asia, and between Central Asia and the Middle East, it constitutes a vital trade link as well as an important area of transit. Moreover, instability and potential for conflict in the region, its energy sources, and its economic prospects matter to the international community. At the same time this study argues that the BSEC, GUUAM, and BLACKSEAFOR as main regional cooperative initiatives have contributed to the peace, security and stability of the Black Sea region with their various activities. It evaluates that the OSCE, NATO, and the EU as wider European organizations have played an important role in projecting security and stability to the region through their various mechanismsItem Open Access The creation of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)(Bilkent University, 2021-09) Kim, Myeong JooThe Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) was established as the Bosphorus Declaration was signed during the Istanbul Summit of 1992. Turkey and President Turgut Özal were mostly accredited for the initiation of the regional organization. However, the foundation of the BSEC was puzzling as there were ongoing regional conflicts and historical grievances between the member states. Moreover, Turkey had been going through dynamic changes in its domestic politics ever since 1987. Regarding these puzzles, the research aims to question what role the leadership played in the formulation of the BSEC amid regional hindrances and domestic changes in Turkey. The hypothesis in respect to the research inquiry is that the role of leadership, especially that of Özal, was to bring together different actors from diverse backgrounds through regional entrepreneurship to establish the BSEC. Based on the hypothesis, the research is conducted with a qualitative methodology. The data is collected from government archives, newspaper articles, second-hand interviews, and academic publications to create a historical narrative based on process tracing. Then, different hoop tests are conducted within the regional entrepreneurship framework, which utilizes Craig Parsons’ ideational logic and public entrepreneurship literature. According to the tests, the hypothesis is proven to be true as Özal led the process of creating the BSEC as a regional entrepreneur by interacting with different individuals, such as Şükrü Elekdağ and Şarık Tara. This result suggests a different explanation for the establishment of the BSEC in contrast to the BSEC literature, which is heavily based on the structural explanation. Furthermore, the research provides an alternative theoretical framework to analyze how a regional organization is established with reference to the role of leadership.Item Open Access Trade creation and trade diversion in the Black Sea Economic Cooperation area: a gravity approach(Bilkent University, 1998) Mahmutoğlu, GülnihalThis thesis considers the performance of one of the pioneer examples of the new form of regional arrangements, namely the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization starting from its establishment and from an international trade theory perspective and with reference to trade creation and trade diversion effects. To do this, a simple gravity model is used where the exports of country i to country] depend on the GDP’s of the exporting and the importing countries and the distance between the capitals. The estimates from the models are used to calculate External Trade Creation, and Gross Trade Creation effects measuring the impact of BSEC on trade flows in the region.