Browsing by Subject "Alcohol"
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Item Open Access Assessing the association between Corporate Financial Influence and implementation of policies to tackle commercial determinants of non-communicable diseases: A cross-sectional analysis of 172 countries(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-02-22) Allen, Luke N.; Wigley, Simon Drummond; Holmer, HampusObjective: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global death and disability. Tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy foods are major contributing risk factors. WHO Member States have unanimously endorsed a set of 12 policies designed to constrain the sale of these commodities, however, there are myriad case studies of commercial entities seeking to undermine effective legislation in order to protect their profits. We set out to quantify the association between corporate financial influence and implementation of commercial policies. Methods: We generated policy implementation scores for all 194 WHO Member States using data from the 2015, 2017, and 2020 WHO NCD Progress Monitor Reports. We used publicly available data to create a novel Corporate Financial Influence Index (CFII) that quantifies the opportunity for corporations to use their financial resources to directly influence policymaking in each country. We reported policy implementation trends over time and used random effects multivariate regression to test the association between policy implementation and CFII for each country, while controlling for broad set of economic, cultural, historical, geographic, and demographic factors. Findings: Implementation of the 12 WHO-backed commercial policies has risen over time, but remains low at approximately 40%. Progress is reversing for alcohol policies. CFII explains around a fifth of the variance in global implementation. For every 10% rise in CFII, implementation falls by approximately 2% (95%CI 0.90 to 3.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our quantitative global analysis suggests that financial corporate influence is negatively associated with implementation of policies that seek to restrict the marketing, sale, and consumption of unhealthy (but profitable) commodities. In the context of anemic international progress tackling NCDs, greater attention should be paid to managing regulatory opportunities for overt and covert corporate financial influence as a core plank of the global NCD response. © 2022 The AuthorsItem Open Access Cytotoxic and bioactive properties of different color tulip flowers and degradation kinetic of tulip flower anthocyanins(Pergamon Press, 2013) Sagdic, O.; Ekici, L.; Ozturk, I.; Tekinay, T.; Polat, B.; Tastemur, B.; Bayram, O.; Senturk, B.This study was conducted to determine the potential use of anthocyanin-based extracts (ABEs) of wasted tulip flowers as food/drug colorants. For this aim, wasted tulip flowers were samples and analyzed for their bioactive properties and cytotoxicity. Total phenolic contents of the extracts of the claret red (126.55. mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract) and orange-red (113.76. mg GAE/g dry extract) flowers were the higher than those of the other tulip flowers. Total anthocyanin levels of the violet, orange-red, claret red and pink tulip flower extracts were determined as 265.04, 236.49, 839.08 and 404.45. mg pelargonidin 3-glucoside/kg dry extract, respectively and these levels were higher than those of the other flowers. The extracts were more effective for the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica compared to other tested bacteria. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of five different tulip flower extracts on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line were investigated. The results showed that the orange red, pink and violet extracts had no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines while yellow and claret red extracts appeared to be toxic for the cells. Overall, the extracts of tulip flowers with different colors possess remarkable bioactive and cytotoxic properties. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.Item Open Access Dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an aqueous medium by water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles(2010) Baykal, B.; Ibrahimova, V.; Er, G.; Bengü, E.; Tuncel, D.Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by the alcohol catalytic CVD (ACCVD) technique are dispersed in water with the aid of water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs). The interactions between CPNs and CNTs are studied with spectroscopy (UV-Vis, fluorescence and Raman) and electron microscopy techniques are used to confirm attachment of CPNs to the CNT sidewalls.Item Restricted Edip Cansever şiirinde alkol oranları(2002) Caymaz, OnurItem Open Access Generation of InN nanocrystals in organic solution through laser ablation of high pressure chemical vapor deposition-grown InN thin film(Springer, 2012-07-27) Alkis, S.; Alevli, M.; Burzhuev, S.; Vural, H. A.; Okyay, Ali Kemal; Ortaç, B.We report the synthesis of colloidal InN nanocrystals (InN-NCs) in organic solution through nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of high pressure chemical vapor deposition-grown InN thin film on GaN/sapphire template substrate. The size, the structural, the optical, and the chemical characteristics of InN-NCs demonstrate that the colloidal InN crystalline nanostructures in ethanol are synthesized with spherical shape within 5.9-25.3, 5.45-34.8, 3.24-36 nm particle-size distributions, increasing the pulse energy value. The colloidal InN-NCs solutions present strong absorption edge tailoring from NIR region to UV region.Item Open Access Induction of triacylglycerol production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: comparative analysis of different element regimes(Elsevier, 2014) Çakmak, Z. E.; Ölmez, T. T.; Çakmak, T.; Menemen, Y.; Tekinay, T.In this study, impacts of different element absence (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and magnesium) and supplementation (nitrogen and zinc) on element uptake and triacylglycerol production was followed in wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 strain. Macro- and microelement composition of C. reinhardtii greatly differed under element regimes studied. In particular, heavy metal quotas of the microalgae increased strikingly under zinc supplementation. Growth was suppressed, cell biovolume, carbohydrate, total neutral lipid and triacylglycerol levels increased when microalgae were incubated under these element regimes. Most of the intracellular space was occupied by lipid bodies under all nutrient starvations, as observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron micrographs. Results suggest that sulfur, magnesium and phosphorus deprivations are superior to nitrogen deprivation for the induction triacylglycerol production in C. reinhardtii. On the other hand, FAME profiles of the nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus deprived cells were found to meet the requirements of international standards for biodiesel.Item Restricted Milattan önceye dayanan lezzet: Küp Şarapçılık (1959)(Bilkent University, 2023) Vurdaal, Zeynep; Yeşilmen, Zeynep Ece; Öztürk, Serdar Demirhan; Ersöz, Alara İpek; Akdere, UtkuTürkiye'de yapılan ilk meyve şarabı olan vişne şarabını üretmesi nedeniyle önemli bir noktadadır. Küp şarapçılık 1968de ilk şaraplarını satışa sunmuş, 1959dan sonra Türkiye'de uygulanan alkollü içecek politikalarından etkilenmiştir. Şarabın üretildiği yer olan Bekilli ilçesi zengin bir tarihe ve şarapçılık açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Öyle ki bu şarapçılık geleneği, bölgeyi kültürel ve turistik açıdan zenginleştirmiştir. Şapkacı Hasan Altıntaş ve ailesi şarapçılık sektörüne adım atarak, bu uğraşı profesyonel bir hale getirmiş ve başarıya ulaşmışlardır. Ulaştıkları bu başarıyı anlamak açısından, kat ettikleri yolları öğrenmek büyük önem taşımaktadır. Aldığı ödüller ise başarılarının kanıtı niteliğindedir. Küp Şarapçılık günümüzde de varlığını sürdürerek, şarap üretimine ve satışına devam etmektedir.Item Restricted Türkiye'nin ilk ve son yerli üretim viskisi: Ankara Viskisi(Bilkent University, 2019) Kazancıoğlu, Latifhan; Arslan, Elif; Turan, Muhammet İkbal; Türkeli, Ali Ekber; Vural, DamlaTürkiye, 1960’larda daha içe dönük, yeni bir ekonomik kalkınma modeline dönmek için ilk adımlarını atmaya başladı. Yerli malların tüketimine teşvik, dışarıya döviz akışını azaltmak ve ülkedeki döviz krizini çözmek gibi sebepler doğrultusunda çeşitli alanlarda iyileştirmeler yapılmaya başlandı. Bu durumdan etkilenen bir alan da alkol piyasası oldu. İlk ve son Türk Viskisi olan “Ankara Viskisi” nin de macerası böyle başlamış oldu. Fakat ithal viskilerden pek de bir farkı olmayan Ankara Viskisi’nin yeterli ilgi ve talep görememesi viskinin zamanla üretiminin azaltımasına ve en sonunda da piyasadan kaldırılmasına sebep olmuştur. Bugün Ankara Viskisi, viski severlerin koleksiyonları için nadide bir parça. Bu çalışmada Ankara Viskisi’nin ortaya çıkışından yok oluşuna kadar olan sürecin detaylı bir incelemesi yapılmıştır.