Browsing by Author "Akman, Varol"
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Item Open Access Baby-Sit: Towards a situation-theoretic computational environment(Elsevier, 1994) Tın, Erkan; Akman, Varol; Martín-Vide, C.Item Open Access Desirable functionalities of intelligent CAD systems(Amer Society of Mechanical, 1994) Akman, Varol; ten Hagen, P. J. V.; Tomiyama, T.; Dağlı, C. H.Item Open Access Following Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: a dissection of their tweets in the 2016 U.S. presidential election(First Monday Editorial Group, 2023-02-07) Akman, Varol; Yenimol, M. S.In this work, the tweets of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign are studied and analyzed from a language-based perspective. The tweets are divided into two batches. The first is from the earliest announcement of candidacy until the last announcement of nomination of candidates. The second is between the end of the first interval and the inauguration of Trump. Readability statistics of tweets are computed and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) words — subject of much cramming by test takers — in the tweets are analyzed, as well as Ogden’s Simple English words. Some of the readability indexes exhibit minor differences, implying that Clinton’s tweets are more readable whereas the other readability indexes are proximate for the candidates. Clinton’s use of unique SAT words is found to be denser than Trump’s, indicating that employing such words less might be wiser for political campaigns. Simple English analysis does not tell of a noticeable difference. Syntactic Dependency Distance of tweets and Integrative Complexity of tweets were also analyzed but no significant difference for the two candidates was discerned.Item Open Access Heterogeneous inference in design(Publ by ASME, New York, NY, United States, 1992) Akman, VarolFor those of us involved in the attempt to construct formal models and environments in which the world of design can be subjected to scientific experimentation, the raison d'etre of logic has been rather well-understood. The aim of this position paper is not really to challenge this view but rather to complement and extend it. Specifically, we discuss why heterogeneous inference - inference that proceeds from information represented in more than one form - is crucial.Item Open Access "'Identity', 'Logical connectives', 'Vagueness'"(Continuum, 2006) Akman, Varol; Grayling, A. C.; Goulder, N.; Pyle, A.Item Open Access An Information-based treatment of punctuation in discourse representation theory(John Benjamins Publishing, 1996-05) Say, B.; Akman, Varol; Martín-Vide, C.Punctuation has so far attracted attention within the linguistics community mostly from a syntactic perspective. In this paper, we give a preliminary account of the information-based aspects of punctuation, drawing our points from assorted, naturally-occurring sentences. We present our formal models of these sentences and the semantic contributions of punctuation marks. Our formalism is a simplified analogue of an extension—due to Nicholas Asher —of Discourse Representation Theory.Item Open Access Information-oriented computation with BABY-SIT(CSLI Publications, 1996) Akman, Varol; Tin, Erkan; Seligman, J.; Westerståhl, D.While situation theory and situation semantics provide an appropriate framework for a realistic model-theoretic treatment of natural language, serious thinking on their `computational' aspects has only recently started. Existing proposals mainly offer a Prolog- or Lisp-like programming environment with varying degrees of divergence from the ontology of situation theory. In this paper, we introduce a computational medium (called BABY-SIT) based on situations. The primary motivation underlying BABY-SIT is to facilitate the development and testing of programs in domains ranging from linguistics to artificial intelligence in a unified framework built upon situation-theoretic constructs.Item Open Access An integrated data description language for coding design knowledge(CWI , 1997) Akman, Varol; Bernus, P.; Hagen, P. T.; Rogier, J.; Tomiyama, T.; Veerkamp, P.Item Open Access Modeling and visualization of complex geometric environments(Springer, 2004) Yılmaz, Türker; Güdükbay, Uğur; Akman, Varol; Sarfraz, M.Visualization of large geometric environments has always been an exciting project for computer graphics practitioners. Modern graphics workstations allow rendering of millions of polygons per second. Although these systems are impressive, they cannot catch up with the quality demanded by graphics systems used for visualizing complex geometric environments. After all, in such systems the amount of data that need to be processed increases dramatically as well. No matter how much graphics hardware evolves, it looks like practitioners are going to crave for what is impracticable for such hardware to render at interactive frame rates. In this chapter, we present some modeling techniques to overcome the problem of graphics hardware bottleneck in a particular context, viz. visualization of terrains and urban environments.Item Open Access On a proposal of Strawson concerning context vs. ‘what is said’(CSLI Publications, 2008) Akman, Varol; Bouquet, P.; Serafini, L.; Thomason, R. H.Item Open Access Similar situations(John Benjamins Publishing, 2007) Akman, Varol; Fetzer, A.This paper studies the notion of similarity with reference to situations of situation theory. While the commonsense notion of two situations resembling each other appears to be valuable in our daily life, we show that it is problematic for the same reasons researchers have been pointing out in psychological and philosophical literature. That human beings can use the notion naturally (without much effort) shows that their cognitive make-up is probably much more powerful than is commonly thought.Item Open Access Situated analysis of anaphora in Turkish(Harrassowitz, 1998) Tın, Erkan; Akman, Varol; Johanson, L.Item Open Access Situated processing of pronominal anaphora(Informatik Xpress 6, 1998) Tın, Erkan; Akman, Varol; Trost, H.We describe a novel approach to the analysis of pronominal anaphora in Turkish. A computational medium which is based on situation theory is used as our implementation tool. The task of resolving pronominal anaphora is demonstrated in this environment which employs situation-theoretic constructs for processing.Item Open Access Situated semantics(Cambridge University Press, 2008) Akman, Varol; Robbins, P.; Aydede, M.This chapter sets out how an account of vision in which the world is considered to form an external memory allows for explanation of the experienced continuity of vision. It shows how the hypothesis of the world as an outside memory is supported by findings in the change and attentional blindness paradigms, as well as by the study of vision in action. The change blindness paradigm has generated much research and can be observed in a variety of situations (when the image change occurs during e.g. eye blinks). Further empirical confirmation of the idea that we do not continually represent the entire visual field in all its richness comes from the inattentional blindness paradigm. Data obtained by studying vision in natural conditions have highlighted features that are strongly supportive of the hypothesis of the world as an outside memory.Item Open Access Situation semantics(Elsevier, 2006) Akman, Varol; Brown, K.Real-life situations are at the heart of an innovative theory of information aimed at some long-standing problems of philosophy. This (situation) theory was proposed more than 2 decades ago and has matured over the years. It addressed a number of semantic problems, resulting in what is commonly known as situation semantics. Activities pertaining to language are all situated: They occur in situations and they are about situations. When uttered at different times by different speakers, a statement can convey different information. Situation semantics strives toward the construction of a mathematically rigorous account of this and other related linguistic phenomena.Item Open Access Situational semantics(Edinburgh University Press, 2009) Akman, Varol; Chapman, S.; Routledge, C.Item Open Access Turing test: 50 years later(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003) Saygı, A. P.; Çiçekli, İlyas; Akman, Varol; Moor, J. H.The Turing Test is one of the most disputed topics in artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science. This paper is a review of the past 50 years of the Turing Test. Philosophical debates, practical developments and repercussions in related disciplines are all covered. We discuss Turing’s ideas in detail and present the important comments that have been made on them. Within this context, behaviorism, consciousness, the ‘other minds’ problem, and similar topics in philosophy of mind are discussed. We also cover the sociological and psychological aspects of the Turing Test. Finally, we look at the current situation and analyze programs that have been developed with the aim of passing the Turing Test. We conclude that the Turing Test has been, and will continue to be, an influential and controversial topic.Item Open Access Using criticalities as a heuristic for Answer Set Programming(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004) Sabuncu, O.; Alpaslan, F. N.; Akman, VarolAnswer Set Programming is a new paradigm based on logic programming. The main component of answer set programming is a system that finds the answer sets of logic programs. Generally, systems utilize some heuristics to choose new literals at the choice points. The heuristic used in this process is one of the key factors for the performance of the system. A new heuristic for answer set programming has been developed. This heuristic is inspired by hierarchical planning. The notion of criticality, which was introduced for generating abstraction hierarchies in hierarchical planning, is used in this heuristic. The resulting system (CSMODELS) uses this new heuristic and is based on the system SMODELS. The experimental results show that this new heuristic is promising for answer set programming. CSMODELS generally takes less time than SMODELS to find an answer set.