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      Improved position estimation using hybrid TW-TOA and TDOA in cooperative networks

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      Author
      Gholami, M. R.
      Gezici, Sinan
      Ström, E. G.
      Date
      2012-04-13
      Source Title
      IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
      Print ISSN
      1053-587X
      Publisher
      Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
      Volume
      60
      Issue
      7
      Pages
      3770 - 3785
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      218
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      163
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      Abstract
      This paper addresses the problem of positioning multiple target nodes in a cooperative wireless sensor network in the presence of unknown turn-around times. In this type of cooperative networks, two different reference sensors, namely, primary and secondary nodes, measure two-way time-of-arrival (TW-TOA) and time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), respectively. Motivated by the role of secondary nodes, we extend the role of target nodes such that they can be considered as pseudo secondary nodes. By modeling turn-around times as nuisance parameters, we derive a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) that poses a difficult global optimization problem due to its nonconvex objective function. To avoid drawbacks in solving the MLE, we linearize the measurements using two different techniques, namely, nonlinear processing and first-order Taylor series, and obtain linear models based on unknown parameters. The proposed linear estimator is implemented in three steps. In the first step, a coarse position estimate is obtained for each target node, and it is refined through steps two and three. To evaluate the performance of different methods, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Simulation results show that the cooperation technique provides considerable improvements in positioning accuracy compared to the noncooperative scenario, especially for low signal-to-noise-ratios.
      Keywords
      Cooperative positioning
      Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB)
      Linear estimator
      Maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE)
      Time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA)
      Time-of-arrival (TOA)
      Two-way time-of-arrival (TW-TOA)
      Wireless sensor network
      Cooperative positioning
      Linear estimators
      Lower bounds
      Maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE)
      Time-difference-of-arrival
      Time-of-arrival
      Maximum likelihood estimation
      Wireless sensor networks
      Sensor nodes
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/21409
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2012.2194705
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      • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3524
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