Wringe, B.2016-02-082016-02-0820131386-2820http://hdl.handle.net/11693/20869It has recently been suggested that the fact that punishment involves an intention to cause suffering undermines expressive justifications of punishment. I argue that while punishment must involve harsh treatment, harsh treatment need not involve an intention to cause suffering. Expressivists should adopt this conception of harsh treatment.EnglishExpressive theories of punishmentPunishmentArticle10.1007/s10677-012-9388-x