Uyar, TamerHavelund, R.Hacaloglu J.Zhou X.Besenbacher F.Kingshott P.2016-02-082016-02-0820090957-4484http://hdl.handle.net/11693/22751Polystyrene (PS) nanofibers containing the inclusion complex forming beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were successfully produced by electrospinning aimed at developing functional fibrous nanowebs. By optimization of the electrospinning parameters, which included varying the relative concentration of PS and β-CD in the solutions, bead-free fibers were produced. Homogeneous solutions of β-CD and PS in dimethylformamide (DMF) were used with concentrations of PS varying from 10% to 25% (w/v, with respect to DMF), and β-CD concentrations of 1% to 50% (w/w, with respect to PS). The presence of β-CD facilitated the production of bead-free PS fibers even from lower polymer concentrations as a result of the higher conductivity of the PS/CD solutions. The morphology and the production of bead-free PS/CD fibers were highly dependent on the β-CD contents. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that incorporation of β-CD yielded PS fibers with rougher surfaces. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectroscopy (DP-MS) results confirmed the presence of β-CD in the PS fibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the fibers indicated that the β-CD molecules are distributed within the PS matrix without any phase separated crystalline aggregates up to 40% (w/w) β-CD loading. Furthermore, chemical analyses by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies confirm that β-CD molecules are located within the PS fiber matrix. Finally, preliminary investigations using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-static-SIMS) show the presence of the cyclodextrin molecules in the outer molecular layers of the fiber surfaces. The XPS and ToF-SIMS findings indicate that cyclodextrin functionalized PS webs would have the potential to be used as molecular filters and/or nanofilters for the purposes of filtration/purification/separation owing to surface associated β-CD molecules which have inclusion complexation capability. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.EnglishAtomic force microscopesBead-free fibersBeta cyclodextrinsCd concentrationsCrystalline aggregatesFiber matrixesFiber surfacesFourier transform infra-red spectroscopiesFunctionalizedHomogeneous solutionsInclusion complexationInclusion complexesmatrixesMolecular filtersMolecular layersNanofiltersPolymer concentrationsPolystyrene nanofibersPyrolysis-mass spectroscopiesRelative concentrationsStatic secondary ion mass spectrometriesTime of flightsTOF-SIMSTransmission electron microscopesX-ray diffractionsX-ray photoelectron spectroscopiesXpsConcentration (process)Conducting polymersData storage equipmentDimethylformamideElectrospinningFibersFourier transform infrared spectroscopyMass spectrometersMicroscopesMolecular spectroscopyMoleculesNanofibersNanofiltrationPolymer blendsPolystyrenesSecondary ion mass spectrometrySpectrum analysisSurface analysisThermogravimetric analysisTransmission electron microscopyX ray diffractionX ray photoelectron spectroscopyPollutionbeta cyclodextrincyclodextrinmolecular layern,n dimethylformamidenanofiberpolymerpolystyrenebeta cyclodextrin derivativenanomaterialpolystyrene derivativearticleatomic force microscopychemical analysisconcentration (parameters)conductanceelectric conductivityelectrospinningflighthumaninfrared spectroscopymass spectrometrymorphologynanofilterpriority journalpyrolysissurface propertythermogravimetrytime of flight mass spectrometrytransmission electron microscopyX ray diffractionX ray photoelectron spectroscopychemistryscanning electron microscopyspectroscopyultrastructureviscositybeta-CyclodextrinsMass SpectrometryMicroscopy, Atomic ForceMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningNanostructuresPolystyrenesSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredSpectrum AnalysisThermogravimetryViscosityArticle10.1088/0957-4484/20/12/125605