Liu, Ke-XinTan, RanZheng, ZhongZhao, Rui-RuiÜlgüt, BurakAi, Xin-PingQian, Jiang-Feng2025-02-242025-02-242024-07-221001-0521https://hdl.handle.net/11693/116764Lithium metal, with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity, emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is constrained by issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, a roll-to-roll approach is adopted to prepare meter-scale, lithiophilic Sn-modified Cu mesh (Sn@Cu mesh) as the current collector for long-cycle lithium metal batteries. The two-dimensional (2D) nucleation mechanism on Sn@Cu mesh electrodes promotes a uniform Li flux, facilitating the deposition of Li metal in a large granular morphology. Simultaneously, experimental and computational analyses revealed that the distribution of the electric field in the Cu mesh skeleton induces Li inward growth, thereby generating a uniform, dense composite Li anode. Moreover, the Sn@Cu mesh-Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 2000 h with an ultra-low 10 mV voltage polarization. In Li parallel to Cu half-cells, the Sn@Cu mesh electrode demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at a high areal capacity of 5 mAh.cm(-2), achieving a CE of 99.2%. This study introduces a simple and large-scale approach for the production of lithiophilic three-dimensional (3D) current collectors, providing more possibilities for the scalable application of Li metal batteries.EnglishCC BY 4.0 DEED (Attribution 4.0 International)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Roll-to-roll fabricationLithiophilic Sn modificationCu meshLi nucleation and growthLithium metal batteriesArticle10.1007/s12598-024-02875-71867-7185