Browsing by Type "Review"

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    2D material liquid crystals for optoelectronics and photonics
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017) Hogan, Ben T.; Kovalska, Evgeniya; Craciun, Monica F.; Baldycheva, Anna
    The merging of the materials science paradigms of liquid crystals and 2D materials promises superb new opportunities for the advancement of the fields of optoelectronics and photonics. In this review, we summarise the development of 2D material liquid crystals by two different methods: dispersion of 2D materials in a liquid crystalline host and the liquid crystal phase arising from dispersions of 2D material flakes in organic solvents. The properties of liquid crystal phases that make them attractive for optoelectronics and photonics applications are discussed. The processing of 2D materials to allow for the development of 2D material liquid crystals is also considered. An emphasis is placed on the applications of such materials; from the development of films, fibers and membranes to display applications, optoelectronic devices and quality control of synthetic processes. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    A sustainable solution to skin diseases: ecofriendly transdermal patches
    (MDPI AG, 2023-02-08) Yılmaz, Eylül Gülşen; Ece, Emre; Erdem, Özgecan; Eş, İsmail; İnci, Fatih
    Skin is the largest epithelial surface of the human body, with a surface area of 2 m2 for the average adult human. Being an external organ, it is susceptible to more than 3000 potential skin diseases, including injury, inflammation, microbial and viral infections, and skin cancer. Due to its nature, it offers a large accessible site for administrating several medications against these diseases. The dermal and transdermal delivery of such medications are often ensured by utilizing dermal/transdermal patches or microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. These tools provide controlled delivery of drugs to the site of action in a rapid and therapeutically effective manner with enhanced diffusivity and minimal side effects. Regrettably, they are usually fabricated using synthetic materials with possible harmful environmental effects. Manufacturing such tools using green synthesis routes and raw materials is hence essential for both ecological and economic sustainability. In this review, natural materials including chitosan/chitin, alginate, keratin, gelatin, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, and collagen utilized in designing ecofriendly patches will be explored. Their implementation in wound healing, skin cancer, inflammations, and infections will be discussed, and the significance of these studies will be evaluated with future perspectives.
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    Actionable intelligence and online learning for semantic computing
    (World Scientific Publishing Company, 2017) Tekin, Cem; van der Schaar, M.
    As the world becomes more connected and instrumented, high dimensional, heterogeneous and time-varying data streams are collected and need to be analyzed on the fly to extract the actionable intelligence from the data streams and make timely decisions based on this knowledge. This requires that appropriate classifiers are invoked to process the incoming streams and find the relevant knowledge. Thus, a key challenge becomes choosing online, at run-time, which classifier should be deployed to make the best possible predictions on the incoming streams. In this paper, we survey a class of methods capable to perform online learning in stream-based semantic computing tasks: multi-armed bandits (MABs). Adopting MABs for stream mining poses, numerous new challenges requires many new innovations. Most importantly, the MABs will need to explicitly consider and track online the time-varying characteristics of the data streams and to learn fast what is the relevant information out of the vast, heterogeneous and possibly highly dimensional data streams. In this paper, we discuss contextual MAB methods, which use similarities in context (meta-data) information to make decisions, and discuss their advantages when applied to stream mining for semantic computing. These methods can be adapted to discover in real-time the relevant contexts guiding the stream mining decisions, and tract the best classifier in presence of concept drift. Moreover, we also discuss how stream mining of multiple data sources can be performed by deploying cooperative MAB solutions and ensemble learning. We conclude the paper by discussing the numerous other advantages of MABs that will benefit semantic computing applications.
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    Active metamaterial nearly perfect light absorbers: A review [Invited]
    (Optical Society of America, 2019) Hajian, Hodjat; Ghobadi, Amir; Bütün, Bayram; Özbay, Ekmel
    Achieving nearly perfect light absorption from the microwave to optical region utilizing metamaterials has begun to play a significant role in photonics and optoelectronics due to their vital applications in thermal emitters, thermal photovoltaics, photovoltaics, sensing, filtering, and photodetection. However, employing passive components in designing perfect absorbers based on metamaterials and photonic crystals imposes some limits on their spectral operation. In order to overcome those limits, extensive research has been conducted on utilizing different materials and mechanisms to obtain active metamaterial light absorbers. In this review paper, we investigate the recent progress in tunable and reconfigurable metamaterial light absorbers through reviewing different active materials and mechanisms, and we provide a perspective for their future development and applications.
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    Ad Hoc Reviewers-Journal of Macromarketing Volume 33, Number 4, December 2013
    (2013) Desmond, John; Dorsch, Michael; Kravets, Olga; Leonidou, Leonidas; Lewin, Jeff; Stöttinger, Barbara; Vargo, Stephen; Veeck, Ann
    [No abstract available]
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    Advances in biomimetic systems for molecular recognition and biosensing
    (MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020-05) Saylan, Y.; Erdem, Özgecan; İnci, Fatih; Denizli, A.
    Understanding the fundamentals of natural design, structure, and function has pushed the limits of current knowledge and has enabled us to transfer knowledge from the bench to the market as a product. In particular, biomimicry—one of the crucial strategies in this respect—has allowed researchers to tackle major challenges in the disciplines of engineering, biology, physics, materials science, and medicine. It has an enormous impact on these fields with pivotal applications, which are not limited to the applications of biocompatible tooth implants, programmable drug delivery systems, biocompatible tissue scaffolds, organ-on-a-chip systems, wearable platforms, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and smart biosensors. Among them, MIPs provide a versatile strategy to imitate the procedure of molecular recognition precisely, creating structural fingerprint replicas of molecules for biorecognition studies. Owing to their affordability, easy-to-fabricate/use features, stability, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities, host-guest recognition systems have largely benefitted from the MIP strategy. This review article is structured with four major points: (i) determining the requirement of biomimetic systems and denoting multiple examples in this manner; (ii) introducing the molecular imprinting method and reviewing recent literature to elaborate the power and impact of MIPs on a variety of scientific and industrial fields; (iii) exemplifying the MIP-integrated systems, i.e., chromatographic systems, lab-on-a-chip systems, and sensor systems; and (iv) closing remarks.
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    Advances in biosensor technologies for acute kidney injury
    (American Chemical Society, 2021-12-20) Derin, Esma; İnci, Fatih
    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most prevalent and complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. The traditional diagnosis parameters are insufficient regarding specificity and sensitivity, and therefore, novel biomarkers and their facile and rapid applications are being sought to improve the diagnostic procedures. The biosensors, which are employed on the basis of electrochemistry, plasmonics, molecular probes, and nanoparticles, are the prominent ways of developing point-of-care devices, along with the mutual integration of efficient surface chemistry strategies. In this manner, biosensing platforms hold pivotal significance in detecting and quantifying novel AKI biomarkers to improve diagnostic interventions, potentially accelerating clinical management to control the injury in a timely manner. In this review, novel diagnostic platforms and their manufacturing processes are presented comprehensively. Furthermore, strategies to boost their effectiveness are also indicated with several applications. To maximize these efforts, we also review various biosensing approaches with a number of biorecognition elements (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, and molecular imprinting molecules), as well as benchmark their features such as robustness, stability, and specificity of these platforms.
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    Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of care applications
    (American Chemical Society, 2014) Tokel, Onur; İnci, Fatih; Demirci, Utkan
    Infectious diseases have considerable economic and societal impact on developing settings. For instance, malaria is observed more commonly in sub-Saharan Africa and India. The societal impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis is high, through targeting adults in villages and leaving behind declining populations. Highly sensitive and specific lab assays such as cell culture methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are available for diagnosis of infectious diseases in the developed world. They require sample transportation, manual preparation steps, and skilled and well-trained technicians. These clinical conventional methods provide results in several hours to days, precluding rapid detection and response at the primary care settings. Another diagnostic challenge is identifying multiple pathogens.
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    Advertising agency scene in Saudi Arabia
    (1998) Erdem, Orham; Tuncalp, Seçil
    Looks at advertising agencies in Saudi Arabia and describes their strengths and the facilities they can offer. Focuses on five major advertising agencies – Tihama for Advertising, Public Relations and Marketing; United Outdoor Advertising Company Ltd.; Raed Marketing and Advertising; Narwah Public Relations, Advertising and Marketing; and Transworld Publicity Limited – and mentions five others. Explores the history of advertising in Saudi Arabia; it's a relatively new industry built on the crude oil boom of 1973, when the Saudis embarked on an intensive economic development programme. © 1998, MCB UP Limited
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    After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic /Author: Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. London: Routledge, 1995. 221 pages+Bibliography+index. ISBN 0-415-10878-0
    (Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu, 2007) Bilgen, Arda
    Iranian Revolution was one of the most significant events ever witnessed. The revolution changed the regime of a big country and affected the region as it affected the whole world. The regional and global impact of Ayatollah Khomeini was so intense that the Islamic movements in Iran made particular regional countries and Western countries worry. The future of the alternating Iran was vague, it became vaguer after the death of Khomeini; everyone wondered how a leader could replace his charismatic leadership. The events after Khomeini, such as changes in foreign and regional policy of Iran, change in economy, security and defense strategy of the Second Republic should be examined carefully in order to understand the maneuvers Iran makes today. Hence, to be informed of this considerable event and able to interpret the stages Iran passed to reach the current status, revolution, Khomeini and post-Khomeini events and figures have to be learnt. After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic is the right book to read to inform.
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    Aging, neurogenesis, and caloric restriction in different model organisms
    (International Society on Aging and Disease, 2013) Ergul, A. A.; Ozdemir A.T.; Adams, M. M.
    Brain aging is a multifactorial process that is occurring across multiple cognitive domains. A significant complaint that occurs in the elderly is a decrement in learning and memory ability. Both rodents and zebrafish exhibit a similar problem with memory during aging. The neurobiological changes that underlie this cognitive decline are complex and undoubtedly influenced by many factors. Alterations in the birth of new neurons and neuron turnover may contribute to age-related cognitive problems. Caloric restriction is the only non-genetic intervention that reliably increases life span and healthspan across multiple organisms although the molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. Recently the zebrafish has become a popular model organism for understanding the neurobiological consequences but to date very little work has been performed. Similarly, few studies have examined the effects of dietary restriction in zebrafish. Here we review the literature related to memory decline, neurogenesis, and caloric restriction across model organisms and suggest that zebrafish has the potential to be an important animal model for understanding the complex interactions between age, neurobiological changes in the brain, and dietary regimens or their mimetics as interventions.
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    Algorithms of the synthesis of optimal regulators
    (Ministry communications & high technologies republic azerbaijan, 2023-04-08) Özbay, Hitay
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    ANKOS and its dealings with vendors
    (2006) Erdogan, P. L.; Karasozen, B.
    The Anatolian University Libraries Consortium (ANKOS) was formally created in 2001 following joint licensing projects by four libraries in 1999 and twelve in 2000. The consortium has grown to encompass eighty-nine libraries in 2005, and the number of its contracts has increased to twenty-five. Members include Turkish university libraries and research libraries attached to hospitals and government offices. A voluntary association, ANKOS is run by a Steering Committee composed of the directors of nine member libraries with the help of staff members from those libraries. The first agreements were for print+e-access for journals and for an aggregator database, and these were mostly informal subscription arrangements. An early activity was the development of a model Turkish National Site License. That license now forms the basis for negotiations with vendors, which culminate in formal license agreements. Beginning in 2004, ANKOS contracts are for electronic-only access and are often for multiple years.
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    Anonymity on the internet: why the price may be too high
    (Association for Computing Machinery, 2002) Davenport, D.
    By allowing anonymous Net communication, the fabric of our society is at risk.
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    Aptamer-based point-of-care devices: Emerging technologies and integration of computational methods
    (MDPI, 2023-05-22) Aslan, Yusuf; Atabay, Maryam; Chowdhury, Hussain Kawsar; Göktürk, Ilgım; Saylan, Y.; İnci, Fatih
    Recent innovations in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies have paved a critical road for the improved application of biomedicine through the deployment of accurate and affordable programs into resource-scarce settings. The utilization of antibodies as a bio-recognition element in POC devices is currently limited due to obstacles associated with cost and production, impeding its widespread adoption. One promising alternative, on the other hand, is aptamer integration, i.e., short sequences of single-stranded DNA and RNA structures. The advantageous properties of these molecules are as follows: small molecular size, amenability to chemical modification, low- or nonimmunogenic characteristics, and their reproducibility within a short generation time. The utilization of these aforementioned features is critical in developing sensitive and portable POC systems. Furthermore, the deficiencies related to past experimental efforts to improve biosensor schematics, including the design of biorecognition elements, can be tackled with the integration of computational tools. These complementary tools enable the prediction of the reliability and functionality of the molecular structure of aptamers. In this review, we have overviewed the usage of aptamers in the development of novel and portable POC devices, in addition to highlighting the insights that simulations and other computational methods can provide into the use of aptamer modeling for POC integration.
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    Architecture and mental disorders: A systematic study of peer-reviewed literature
    (Sage Publications, 2020) Aljunaidy, Mais M.; Adi, Mohamad Nadim
    Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.
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