Scholarly Publications

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The Bilkent University Open Access Articles collection consists of scholarly articles written by Bilkent-affiliated authors that are made available through BUIR under the Bilkent Faculty Open Access Policy, or under related publisher agreements.

Version details are supplied for each paper in the collection:

Original manuscript: author's manuscript prior to formal peer review
Author's final manuscript: final author's manuscript post peer review, without publisher's formatting or copy editing
Final published version: final published article, as it appeared in a journal, conference proceedings, or other formally published context (this version appears here only if allowable under publisher's policy)

Post peer-reviewed scholarly articles are available through BUIR collections, such as those for departments, labs, and research centers.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 294

Open Access
2D material liquid crystals for optoelectronics and photonics
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017) Hogan, Ben T.; Kovalska, Evgeniya; Craciun, Monica F.; Baldycheva, Anna
The merging of the materials science paradigms of liquid crystals and 2D materials promises superb new opportunities for the advancement of the fields of optoelectronics and photonics. In this review, we summarise the development of 2D material liquid crystals by two different methods: dispersion of 2D materials in a liquid crystalline host and the liquid crystal phase arising from dispersions of 2D material flakes in organic solvents. The properties of liquid crystal phases that make them attractive for optoelectronics and photonics applications are discussed. The processing of 2D materials to allow for the development of 2D material liquid crystals is also considered. An emphasis is placed on the applications of such materials; from the development of films, fibers and membranes to display applications, optoelectronic devices and quality control of synthetic processes. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Open Access
ABD'nin Orta Asya politikaları Şatlık AMANOV, (İstanbul: Gökkubbe Yayınları, 2007), 520 Sayfa, ISBN:978-9944-975-06-4
(2008) Yeğin, Mehmet
Open Access
Actionable intelligence and online learning for semantic computing
(World Scientific Publishing Company, 2017) Tekin, Cem; van der Schaar, M.
As the world becomes more connected and instrumented, high dimensional, heterogeneous and time-varying data streams are collected and need to be analyzed on the fly to extract the actionable intelligence from the data streams and make timely decisions based on this knowledge. This requires that appropriate classifiers are invoked to process the incoming streams and find the relevant knowledge. Thus, a key challenge becomes choosing online, at run-time, which classifier should be deployed to make the best possible predictions on the incoming streams. In this paper, we survey a class of methods capable to perform online learning in stream-based semantic computing tasks: multi-armed bandits (MABs). Adopting MABs for stream mining poses, numerous new challenges requires many new innovations. Most importantly, the MABs will need to explicitly consider and track online the time-varying characteristics of the data streams and to learn fast what is the relevant information out of the vast, heterogeneous and possibly highly dimensional data streams. In this paper, we discuss contextual MAB methods, which use similarities in context (meta-data) information to make decisions, and discuss their advantages when applied to stream mining for semantic computing. These methods can be adapted to discover in real-time the relevant contexts guiding the stream mining decisions, and tract the best classifier in presence of concept drift. Moreover, we also discuss how stream mining of multiple data sources can be performed by deploying cooperative MAB solutions and ensemble learning. We conclude the paper by discussing the numerous other advantages of MABs that will benefit semantic computing applications.
Open Access
Active metamaterial nearly perfect light absorbers: A review [Invited]
(Optical Society of America, 2019) Hajian, Hodjat; Ghobadi, Amir; Bütün, Bayram; Özbay, Ekmel; Hajian, Hodjat; Bütün, Bayram; Özbay, Ekmel
Achieving nearly perfect light absorption from the microwave to optical region utilizing metamaterials has begun to play a significant role in photonics and optoelectronics due to their vital applications in thermal emitters, thermal photovoltaics, photovoltaics, sensing, filtering, and photodetection. However, employing passive components in designing perfect absorbers based on metamaterials and photonic crystals imposes some limits on their spectral operation. In order to overcome those limits, extensive research has been conducted on utilizing different materials and mechanisms to obtain active metamaterial light absorbers. In this review paper, we investigate the recent progress in tunable and reconfigurable metamaterial light absorbers through reviewing different active materials and mechanisms, and we provide a perspective for their future development and applications.
Open Access
Ad Hoc Reviewers-Journal of Macromarketing Volume 33, Number 4, December 2013
(2013) Desmond, John; Dorsch, Michael; Kravets, Olga; Leonidou, Leonidas; Lewin, Jeff; Stöttinger, Barbara; Vargo, Stephen; Veeck, Ann
[No abstract available]
Open Access
Advances in biomimetic systems for molecular recognition and biosensing
(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020-05) Saylan, Y.; Erdem, Özgecan; İnci, Fatih; Denizli, A.; Özgecan, Özgecan; İnci, Fatih
Understanding the fundamentals of natural design, structure, and function has pushed the limits of current knowledge and has enabled us to transfer knowledge from the bench to the market as a product. In particular, biomimicry—one of the crucial strategies in this respect—has allowed researchers to tackle major challenges in the disciplines of engineering, biology, physics, materials science, and medicine. It has an enormous impact on these fields with pivotal applications, which are not limited to the applications of biocompatible tooth implants, programmable drug delivery systems, biocompatible tissue scaffolds, organ-on-a-chip systems, wearable platforms, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and smart biosensors. Among them, MIPs provide a versatile strategy to imitate the procedure of molecular recognition precisely, creating structural fingerprint replicas of molecules for biorecognition studies. Owing to their affordability, easy-to-fabricate/use features, stability, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities, host-guest recognition systems have largely benefitted from the MIP strategy. This review article is structured with four major points: (i) determining the requirement of biomimetic systems and denoting multiple examples in this manner; (ii) introducing the molecular imprinting method and reviewing recent literature to elaborate the power and impact of MIPs on a variety of scientific and industrial fields; (iii) exemplifying the MIP-integrated systems, i.e., chromatographic systems, lab-on-a-chip systems, and sensor systems; and (iv) closing remarks.
Open Access
Advances in biosensor technologies for acute kidney injury
(American Chemical Society, 2021-12-20) Derin, Esma; İnci, Fatih; Derin, Esma; İnci, Fatih
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most prevalent and complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. The traditional diagnosis parameters are insufficient regarding specificity and sensitivity, and therefore, novel biomarkers and their facile and rapid applications are being sought to improve the diagnostic procedures. The biosensors, which are employed on the basis of electrochemistry, plasmonics, molecular probes, and nanoparticles, are the prominent ways of developing point-of-care devices, along with the mutual integration of efficient surface chemistry strategies. In this manner, biosensing platforms hold pivotal significance in detecting and quantifying novel AKI biomarkers to improve diagnostic interventions, potentially accelerating clinical management to control the injury in a timely manner. In this review, novel diagnostic platforms and their manufacturing processes are presented comprehensively. Furthermore, strategies to boost their effectiveness are also indicated with several applications. To maximize these efforts, we also review various biosensing approaches with a number of biorecognition elements (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, and molecular imprinting molecules), as well as benchmark their features such as robustness, stability, and specificity of these platforms.
Open Access
Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of care applications
(American Chemical Society, 2014) Tokel, Onur; İnci, Fatih; Demirci, Utkan
Infectious diseases have considerable economic and societal impact on developing settings. For instance, malaria is observed more commonly in sub-Saharan Africa and India. The societal impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis is high, through targeting adults in villages and leaving behind declining populations. Highly sensitive and specific lab assays such as cell culture methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are available for diagnosis of infectious diseases in the developed world. They require sample transportation, manual preparation steps, and skilled and well-trained technicians. These clinical conventional methods provide results in several hours to days, precluding rapid detection and response at the primary care settings. Another diagnostic challenge is identifying multiple pathogens.
Open Access
Advertising agency scene in Saudi Arabia
(1998) Erdem, Orham; Tuncalp, Seçil
Looks at advertising agencies in Saudi Arabia and describes their strengths and the facilities they can offer. Focuses on five major advertising agencies – Tihama for Advertising, Public Relations and Marketing; United Outdoor Advertising Company Ltd.; Raed Marketing and Advertising; Narwah Public Relations, Advertising and Marketing; and Transworld Publicity Limited – and mentions five others. Explores the history of advertising in Saudi Arabia; it's a relatively new industry built on the crude oil boom of 1973, when the Saudis embarked on an intensive economic development programme. © 1998, MCB UP Limited
Open Access
After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic /Author: Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. London: Routledge, 1995. 221 pages+Bibliography+index. ISBN 0-415-10878-0
(Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu, 2007) Bilgen, Arda; Bilgen, Arda
Iranian Revolution was one of the most significant events ever witnessed. The revolution changed the regime of a big country and affected the region as it affected the whole world. The regional and global impact of Ayatollah Khomeini was so intense that the Islamic movements in Iran made particular regional countries and Western countries worry. The future of the alternating Iran was vague, it became vaguer after the death of Khomeini; everyone wondered how a leader could replace his charismatic leadership. The events after Khomeini, such as changes in foreign and regional policy of Iran, change in economy, security and defense strategy of the Second Republic should be examined carefully in order to understand the maneuvers Iran makes today. Hence, to be informed of this considerable event and able to interpret the stages Iran passed to reach the current status, revolution, Khomeini and post-Khomeini events and figures have to be learnt. After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic is the right book to read to inform.
Open Access
Aging, neurogenesis, and caloric restriction in different model organisms
(International Society on Aging and Disease, 2013) Ergul, A. A.; Ozdemir A.T.; Adams, M. M.
Brain aging is a multifactorial process that is occurring across multiple cognitive domains. A significant complaint that occurs in the elderly is a decrement in learning and memory ability. Both rodents and zebrafish exhibit a similar problem with memory during aging. The neurobiological changes that underlie this cognitive decline are complex and undoubtedly influenced by many factors. Alterations in the birth of new neurons and neuron turnover may contribute to age-related cognitive problems. Caloric restriction is the only non-genetic intervention that reliably increases life span and healthspan across multiple organisms although the molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. Recently the zebrafish has become a popular model organism for understanding the neurobiological consequences but to date very little work has been performed. Similarly, few studies have examined the effects of dietary restriction in zebrafish. Here we review the literature related to memory decline, neurogenesis, and caloric restriction across model organisms and suggest that zebrafish has the potential to be an important animal model for understanding the complex interactions between age, neurobiological changes in the brain, and dietary regimens or their mimetics as interventions.
Open Access
Albania: how close is Italy? Albanian-Italian relations in the post-cold war environment: managing threats or opportunities?
(2006) Rakipi, A.
Open Access
ANKOS and its dealings with vendors
(2006) Erdogan, P. L.; Karasozen, B.
The Anatolian University Libraries Consortium (ANKOS) was formally created in 2001 following joint licensing projects by four libraries in 1999 and twelve in 2000. The consortium has grown to encompass eighty-nine libraries in 2005, and the number of its contracts has increased to twenty-five. Members include Turkish university libraries and research libraries attached to hospitals and government offices. A voluntary association, ANKOS is run by a Steering Committee composed of the directors of nine member libraries with the help of staff members from those libraries. The first agreements were for print+e-access for journals and for an aggregator database, and these were mostly informal subscription arrangements. An early activity was the development of a model Turkish National Site License. That license now forms the basis for negotiations with vendors, which culminate in formal license agreements. Beginning in 2004, ANKOS contracts are for electronic-only access and are often for multiple years.
Open Access
Anonymity on the internet: why the price may be too high
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2002) Davenport, D.
By allowing anonymous Net communication, the fabric of our society is at risk.
Open Access
Architecture and mental disorders: A systematic study of peer-reviewed literature
(Sage Publications, 2020) Aljunaidy, Mais M.; Adi, Mohamad Nadim; Aljunaidy, Mais M.; Adi, Mohamad Nadim
Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.
Open Access
Aristocracy and modernism: signs of aristocracy in Marcel Proust's-À la Recherche du temps perdu
(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005) Chesney, D. M.
Open Access
Armed servants: Agency, oversight, and civil-military relations Peter D. Feaver, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2003 1st edition, 2011 2nd edition, 380 pp. ISBN: 0-674-01051-5.
(Millî Savunma Üniversitesi Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, 2003) Gürcan, Metin; Gürcan, Metin
Open Access
Aspects of computational homogenization at finite deformations: a unifying review from Reuss' to Voigt's Bound
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2016) Saeb, S.; Steinmann, P.; Javili, A.
The objective of this contribution is to present a unifying review on strain-driven computational homogenization at finite strains, thereby elaborating on computational aspects of the finite element method. The underlying assumption of computational homogenization is separation of length scales, and hence, computing the material response at the macroscopic scale from averaging the microscopic behavior. In doing so, the energetic equivalence between the two scales, the Hill Mandel condition, is guaranteed via imposing proper boundary conditions such as linear displacement, periodic displacement and antiperiodic traction, and constant traction boundary conditions. Focus is given on the finite element implementation of these boundary conditions and their influence on the overall response of the material. Computational frameworks for all canonical boundary conditions are briefly formulated in order to demonstrate similarities and differences among the various boundary conditions. Furthermore, we detail on the computational aspects of the classical Reuss' and Voigt's bounds and their extensions to finite strains. A concise and clear formulation for computing the macroscopic tangent necessary for FE2 calculations is presented. The performances of the proposed schemes are illustrated via a series of two- and three-dimensional numerical examples. The numerical examples provide enough details to serve as benchmarks. © 2016 by ASME.
Open Access
Assimilation in north-western England from the Norman conquest to the early thirteenth century: The Kirkby, Pennington and Copeland families
(The University of Leeds, 2010) Latimer, P.
By looking at three families, all of Anglo-Scandinavian descent in the male line and neighbours in the Furness peninsula, this article seeks to examine the particular ways in which they, and similar families in the region, adapted to the changes that occurred in the century and a half or so after the Norman Conquest. By the early thirteenth century, an assimilation had taken place whereby these families were beginning to play the role expected of knightly families in thirteenth-century England as a whole, taking their place within a single elite alongside families that traced their male descent back to Continental immigrants. The article examines this process of assimilation by looking at the families' participation in the local aristocratic network, their changing naming practices, their marriage and landholding relationships, and their mix of old and new tenures. It further looks at the introduction of castles, markets and boroughs, and the families' interaction with the growing penetration and sophistication of royal and ecclesiastical administration in the region. Finally, it examines the families' reaction to, and participation in, the transformation of the local Church, both secular and regular. © 2010 Maney Publishing.
Open Access
An associationist bias explains different processing demands for toddlers in different traditional false-belief task
(Karger, 2020) Fenici, Marco; Garofoli, D.; Fenici, Marco