Browsing by Subject "Turkish literature--19th century--History and criticism."

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Unknown
19 yüzyıl Osmanlı basınındaki belagat tartışmaları ışığında edebiyatın dönüşümü
(2013) Dilek, Esra Derya
This study is an attempt to analyse the rhetorical argumentation style in the last quarter of the 19th century with consideration to influences on the literary style of the period. Studies on rhetoric more often than not have focused on langauge-related aspects, while the link between rhetoric and literature has been disregarded. Consequently, rhetoric as a literary discourse has been limited to discussions on language and alphabet. The formation of an authentic national rhetoric is influenced by both old and new literary traditions. The encounter with the West from the 18th century not only caused social change but also brought changes to the literary tradition. One such change was the idea of separating Ottoman rhetoric from its Arabic counterpart. In this manner, rhetoric came to embody a new literary style by eliminating previous lingual and literary discourses. Thus, the significance of discussions on rhetoric in literary circles is the main focus of this study. In the first section of this study, the history of Ottoman rhetoric, the relationship between rhetoric and literature, and finally, the rhetoric of Ottoman literature are examined. The second chapter focuses on particular periodicals, namely Tercümân-i Hakîkat, Cerîde-i Havâdis, Vakit and Tarîk. An analysis is undertaken of certain literary stylistic changes featured in these periodicals. The last section of this study examines the reformation period and its impact on Ottoman literature and literary discussions.
Unknown
19 yüzyılda Osmanlı toplumu ve basılı Türkçe edebiyat : etkileşimler, değişimler, çeşitlilik
(2009) Ayaydın Cebe, Günil Özlem
This dissertation is built on the proposition that the majority of literary histories hitherto written on 19th century Ottoman Turkish literature reflects a very limited part of the object of investigation, selected generally according to non-literary criteria. Consequently, it is asserted that most of the research and examination relying on these sources is inadequate in comprehending the true nature of Ottoman literary universe. In this study, in order to overcome this problem of short-sightedness about the object of investigation, it is deemed necessary to depict an accurate map of printed literary texts in Turkish and focus on the medium that creates literature. To achieve this, a database is formed comprising bibliographic data on texts printed in Turkish in Arabic, Armenian and Greek letters between the years 1800-1900, and a new method of classification and counting is developed according to the specific needs of the material collected. Afterwards, the chronological trends of literary genres and their production in ratios are revealed. Through this, various tools are created for questioning set periodizations and fixed judgements about the field. By interpreting these tools in tandem with the historical, political and socio-cultural developments of the era, and in comparison to literature in manuscript form, the following main observations and conclusions, among others, are made: First, it is demonstrated that literature is the key field to understanding the modernization venture of the Ottoman Empire. Secondly, it is observed that there had been a closer literary interaction and exchange among the Muslim and nonMuslim communities of the Empire than that is supposed in contemporary assumption. Thirdly, it is found out that the advancements in printing and publishing caused a dramatic shift from oral and written culture to print culture that gave rise to social and literary transformations. Lastly, the effects of this transformation on classical, traditional and modern literary forms are discussed, and fresh areas of research are presented.
Unknown
Ahmet Mithat Efendi'de mizahın toplumsal cinsiyeti
(2014) Kekeç, Nuran
Ahmet Mithat Efendi, one of the most prolific writers of the establishment phase of modern literature, depicts an age of political and social transformation, while also producing the first examples of novels and stories. In reflection of his social responsibility consciousness, this writer discusses in his texts the necessity of building a society according to neo-traditional forms, without departing from the principle of “useful information”. Acknowledging the advantages of popularization Ahmet Mithat Efendi takes advantage of opportunities provided by the media, in his production of series of novels and stories which depict his view of ideal social order and his conceptualization of modern identities for both men and women. Through such works, and by using media as a channel, he aims to be accessible to all sectors of society and share his views on ideal traditional-modern femininity – masculinity forms. In other words, while reproducing tradition according to Western criteria, his primary goal is to reorganize gender relations. Features of traditional narration function as a vehicle for the author, onto which he transposes the images of men and women who will lead society. Thus, Ahmet Mithat Efendi, aware of the limitations of his contemporary readership and of traditional forms of narrative, inserted his view of ideal gender roles into fictional texts. The writer employs humor for the purpose of combining his view of a new social order with gender identity in his literary texts. Humorous elements contribute both to constructing the text and to determining an ideal gender perception; people and phenomena, though depicted in humorous ways, display a social acceptance of gender roles. In this context, during the Tanzimat period the behavior of the Ottoman citizen and readers’ perceptions of gender identities are shaped according to Western norms Ahmet Mithat Efendi promotes such influences within his fictional works of and he uses humor as a tool to help convince his readership of his ideas.