Browsing by Subject "Turkish literature 19th century History and criticism."

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Open Access
19 yüzyıl Osmanlı-Türk romanında gayrimüslim imgeleri
(2007) Uyanık, Seda
This thesis aims at exploring the changing images of non-Muslim characters in five novels written in the last quarter of the 19th century, namely Karabibik (1891) by Nabizade Nazım; Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa mı? (1892) by Mizancı Mehmet Murat, Araba Sevdası (1896) by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Mes‚il-i Muğl‚ka (1898) by Ahmet Mithat Efendi and Aím‚k-ı Hayal (1910) by Şehbenderz‚de Filibeli Ahmet Hilmi. The novels are discussed taking the historical background and the authorsí ideological positioning into consideration. Reviews and critical essays focusing on non-Muslim characters in novels during the post-Tanzimat period are limited in number and scope and are based on generalizations that do not recognize the various authorsí intellectual and ideological particularities and differences. The study of the five novels examined in this thesis shows that there are several differing images of non-Muslim characters. The image and role of nonMuslim characters in the works depend on the authors approach to religion, ethnical identity and his understanding of civilization. The highlighting of differences between European and Muslim cultures in those novels leads to the positioning of the non-Muslim image in a circle of ìidentity and differencesî. The focus on nonMuslim characters in those novels, shows that the concepts of religion, nation and culture have close links to typological structures such as modernity and tradition, centre and periphery and ìIî and the other. In the light of this study, it is concluded that it is not possible to talk about only one single non-Muslim concept in the postTanzimat novels
Open Access
Ahmet Mithat Efendi ve Beşir Fuat'a göre gerçekçilik
(2004) Cankara, Murat
Mithat Efendi (1844-1912) and Beşir Fuat (1852-1887) by focusing on their articles and letters on the subject. It is usual to study the development of realism in Turkish literature by only taking the novels into account. However, articles are a valuable source of information in order to understand how realism was interpreted by Ottoman writers. The texts focused on in this thesis are the newspaper articles and letters of Ahmet Mithat Efendi and Beşir Fuat, who developed opposing views on realism. These articles and letters were mostly published during the 1880s and 1890s. Ahmet Mithat Efendi rejected realism both on aesthetic and non-aesthetic grounds. Yet, it has also been noted that he used the concept of “verisimilitude” and asserted that a novel should seem to be true even if it was imaginary. One other important aspect of Ahmet Mithat’s interpretation of realism is his effort to appropriate and adapt it to the Ottoman context. On the other hand, it has been indicated that Beşir Fuat’s approach to literary realism is just the opposite of Ahmet Mithat’s. Beşir Fuat, who criticizes romanticism, classical Ottoman poetry and the role of imagination in literature underlines the necessity that a writer should work like a historian or a sociologist. He is also against elaborate language and states that the primary aim of the literary language is to transmit ideas to the reader in a clear and exact way. It has been concluded that there is not only one interpretation of realism in Ottoman literature at the end of the nineteenth century. The fact that the writers of the period did not simply imitate their French contemporaries and tried to transform their conception of realism is also within the conclusions that have been reached.
Open Access
Tanzimat romanında kamusal alan ve serbest zaman etkinlikleri
(2007) Günaydın, Ayşegül Utku
The Tanzimat period overtly accelareted the Westernization process and as such, it brought about various socio-cultural changes, and these changes are distinctly observed in the realms of public sphere and leisure activities which represent social vivacity to the greatest degree. Hence, the focus of this thesis is the detailed study of the reflection of this social transformation in the Tanzimat novel with reference to the theories of public sphere and leisure. To this end, five Tanzimat novels, which stand out among others on the grounds of their emphasis on public sphere and leisure, constitute this thesis’s object of study. These novels, written in the second half of the nineteenth century, in order of their year of publication are: Akabi Hikyayesi (1851) by Vartan Paşa, Esrâr-ı Cinayât (1884) by Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Araba Sevdası (1889-Year of publication: 1896) by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Udî (1899) by Fatma Aliye Hanım and Bir Kadının Hayatı (1890) by Mehmet Celâl. In the discussion of public sphere and leisure activities presented in these novels, the status of men and women are analyzed in their particular contexts and also from a comparative view-point. A primary conclusion drawn from this comparative analysis is that, in these novels, the changes in people’s everyday lives, induced by the Westernization process, are made manifest mainly through the integration of certain symbols of Western society into the new life styles and through the reformation of the public sphere. It is also worthy of attention that although the reshaping of the public sphere is chiefly determined by secularisation and the promotion of a new conception of entertainment, the public sphere still serves, above all, the socialization of men, especially those from the elite class; it is evident in these novels that the factor of social class is the dominant factor in the reformation of public sphere and leisure. Consquent to the discussion of how men’s and women’s leisure activities differ from one another and how these activities bring forth masculine and feminine discourses, it has become apparent, contrary to the general assumption, that the extent to which these activities are indicators of social status vary greatly. This thesis aims, accordingly, to account for and interpret the connections between the formation of public sphere, leisure and gender as well as different social statuses in the Tanzimat novel.