Browsing by Subject "Tanzimat"

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Open Access
Ahmet Vefik Paşa'nın çevirilerinde Osmanlılaşan Moliere
(2004) Uluğtekin, Melahat Gül
This study aimed to deal with five translations-adaptations of Molière by Ahmet Vefik Pasha, using the theory of polysystem. In this context, the plays written by Ahmet Vefik between the years 1879-1882, titled as Zor Nikâhı, Don Civani, Dudu Kuşları, Tartüf and Adamcıl were compared to the original works of Molière that were written between the years 1659-1666 and titled as Le Mariage Forcé, Dom Juan ou Le Festin de Pierre, Les Précieuses Ridicules, Le Tartuffe ou L’Imposteur and Le Misanthrope. Considering these plays, it was claimed that either Ahmet Vefik did not transfer some scenes, paragraphs, sentences and words having some implications of political, religious and moral aspects, or he changed the meaning while transferring. Coming to points that have indirect or relatively less “dangerous”political implications, he used some “local shifts” by being closer to the “acceptable” translation norms of the target culture. It was concluded that as a “culture planner”, Ahmet Vefik, aimed to introduce a new branch to the “repertoire” and create new works as well, in the context of appropriation of the theatre by the target culture.
Open Access
From nomadism to sedentary life in Central Anatolia : the case of Rışvan tribe (1830-1932)
(2011) Dede, Suat
This thesis presents an overview of how the Ottoman Empire established its relations with nomads and how it managed to administrate the settlement of nomadic tribes. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics that made the sedentarization of nomadic tribes necessary in the 19th century with particular reference to the settlement of RıĢvan tribe in Central Anatolia, more specifically in Haymana. In this respect, the effects of this settlement on the population structure and settlement geography of Haymana are examined. The thesis also deals with the challenges the newly settled nomadic RıĢvan tribesmen faced such as the settlement and adaptation problems in the sedentarization process and afterwards. Lastly, the factors that affected and extended the sedentarization process are analyzed in comparison with the experiences in the other Middle-Eastern examples of sedentarization and settlement processes
Open Access
Murder in Salonika, 1876 : a tale of apostasy turned into an international crisis
(2009) Torunoğlu, Berke
The intent of this thesis is to narrate the Salonika Incident of May 1876 and analyze this highly politicized micro case within the framework of the 19th century Ottoman history. In the scope of this work, the event itself and its aftermath will be covered in detail. The Salonika Incident was a Muslim public outrage caused by the kidnapping of a Bulgarian girl by Christians based on the reason that she wanted to embrace Islam, and the following public displays resulted in the murder of French and German consuls by a Muslim mob at May 6, 1876. The war of pen and ink between the Sublime Porte and the Great Powers that held the first accountable for the double crime was the consequence of this incident. Through a detailed and meticulous account of this neglected and falsely told episode of history, this thesis aims casting light on a virgin issue, therefore to contribute to the literature on the Ottoman Balkan History and inter-communal relations.
Open Access
Ottoman military recruitment and the recruit : 1826-1853
(2005) Şimşek, Veysel
This thesis attempts to offer an account of Ottoman military recruitment, and those who were recruited in the era between 1826 and 1853. The period in question marks an era of significant reforms, including the establishment of a European-style standing army, manned by conscripts. This study tries to reveal some aspects of Ottoman conscription, which was forcibly imposed to raise the new army, including its origins, recruiters and recruitment procedures. While illustrating this point, emphasis was not only given to laws and regulations, but also to their practice. The thesis argues that the weakest members of Ottoman society were destined to be forcibly recruited into the army, while stronger members were often able to avoid it, even after Tanzimat and military reforms of 1846. Finally, it tries to reflect the common subjects’ and soldiers’ responses to the military recruitment, which were often manifested as discontentment, resistance, evasion and desertion, especially in its initial stages.
Open Access
Outposts of an Empire : early Turkish migration to Peabody, Massachusetts
(2005) Acehan, Işıl
This thesis examines early (1890s-1920s) Turkish immigration to Peabody, Massachusetts. It is a case study which argues that the most prominent factor driving early Turkish migration to Peabody was economic. Thus the migration movement constituted a “brawn drain” from Anatolia to the “streets paved with gold.” As was the case with some European peoples who immigrated to the United States at the same period, the Turkish immigrants in Peabody, Massachusetts, did not intend to stay in the United States. They only wanted to earn money and return to the homeland as soon as possible. More importantly this thesis argues that the Turkish immigrants were part of a larger Ottoman migration to the United States. The Turks in Peabody were part of a chain of migration that included Armenians, Greeks, and Sephardic Jews. They, together with the Armenians, Jews and Greeks constructed an Ottoman microcosm in Peabody essentially recreating the millets of the Ottoman Empire in which inter-communal support helped the Turks contend with the strange new environment. By the early 1930s most of the Turkish immigrants in Peabody had returned to their homeland. Overall, this thesis provides new insight into the Turkish and Ottoman diaspora that challenges popular conceptions of continual strife between the Turks and members of the other Ottoman millets. Additionally, it shows that this early Turkish immigrant community was, in some ways, strikingly similar to later twentieth century Turkish immigrant communities, such as those in Germany during the 1960s
Open Access
Pivoting on the church of St. John Exoteichos: from the empire to modern Trabzon
(2023-09) Demet, Gönülnur
Presently, the quantity of Byzantine and post-Byzantine churches that remained within the city center of Trabzon is quite limited. Additionally, aside from significant exceptions like the Hagia Sophia of Trebizond, numerous structures remain unfamiliar to the local community and have been repurposed for various uses. Byzantine and post-Byzantine studies in Turkey tend to focus on other centers and the heritage of Trebizond, a peripheral site with exceptional characteristics, receives less attention. The present research focuses on St. John Exoteichos, earlier known as Agios Ioannes tes Petra, and its neighborhood, Sotka, with a diachronic approach. Built in the 13th/14th century, St. John Exoteichos was rebuilt by Metropolitan Konstantios in the 19th century. From the early 20th century onward, the church, once part of a complex with an adjacent Greek school building, briefly functioned as a warehouse during the Republican period. Subsequently, it transformed into a versatile hall for the neighboring primary school. The study focuses on three different periods, and it illustrates the continuities, changes, and transformations in the design and use of the church building throughout, regarding the region's political, architectural, and social dynamics. This thesis aims at contributing academic literature by exploring the church's historical, architectural, and urban dimensions. The study of St. John Exoteichos, particularly its 19th-century version, offers a novel perspective within Trabzon's Byzantine and post-Byzantine heritage.
Open Access
A study of Ottoman modernisation on the city : the sixth municipal district of İstanbul (1858-1877)
(2006) Demirakın, N. Işık
This thesis attempts to analyse the first European style municipal administration of the Ottoman Empire as a manifestation of its modernisation attempts and the influence of European powers in the 19th century. The Sixth Municipal District was established in 1858 in a wealthy area comprising Beyoğlu and Galata as a response to growing demand on the side of the inhabitants of the area, most of whom were non-Muslims and foreigners. Coinciding with the Ottoman reform movements of the era, the establishment of the Sixth District had marked a major turning point in the transformation of the Ottoman urban administration. Hence, this thesis tries to indicate that the reforms were directly influential in the reshaping of Istanbul and therefore the Sixth District’s history is parallel to that of Tanzimat. It also tries to demonstrate the intensity of change by describing the municipal practices of the classical period and putting the District in historical perspective The motivation in the selection of this area is also important hence; this thesis also tries to evaluate its reasons within the context of foreign influence in the Empire. Also, it tries to assess the District’s accomplishments and failures, and makes an effort to understand whether it had reached its goals.
Open Access
Tanzimat reforms reconsidered : The Case study of Tuna province (1856-1868)
(2016-12) Murgul, Yalçın
After signing of the Treaty of Paris (1856), Westernization and other reforms were adopted by the Ottoman government as a strategy to protect the state in existence. The Christian Question in the Empire as well as the pressures of the Great Powers emerged to become the most important reasons to impel the Ottoman Government to carry out reforms. The Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire were the countries that attempted to find a way out of the political difficulties and challenges arising from the legacy of an ancient regime, emerging nationalist movements and imperialist aspirations of Western powers and Russia. Focusing on the period from 1856 to 1868, the aim of this study is to re-visit the reform question by devoting a special place to the Tuna (Danube) Province (Tuna Vilâyeti), which was governed by Midhat Pasha between the years 1864 and 1868. This is simply because during that time period, the Tuna Province was designed as a governmental project to spread the reforms across the country, in other words, it served as a model for other provinces. This thesis is divided into two parts: 1) The World Encircling the Ottoman Empire (1856-1870) and The Reform Question (1856-1865), and 2) The Vilâyet of Tuna (1864-1868).
Open Access
Tanzimat the Balkans : Midhat Pasha's governorship in the Danube Province (Tuna Vilayeti), 1864-1868
(2007) Çelik, Mehmet
This study aims at analyzing Midhat Pasha’s governorship in the Danube province between 1864 and 1868 within two dimensions: Midhat Pasha as an Ottoman governor symbolizing the Tanzimat ideology and modernization in the countryside; and the rise of the Bulgarian revolutionary movements supported by the Russian Pan-Slavist policies. For this purpose, focus is placed on Midhat Pasha’s reforms in this pilot region, which would be carried out as examples for the other provinces within the empire, and also his struggle against the national uprisings. The huge amount of relevant single documents in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives in Istanbul and the Ottoman archives in Sofia along with the provincial newspaper, (Tuna), the yearbooks of the province, and the memoirs of Pasha himself constitute the main source and bases of this thesis.
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The untold story of an inspiring woman: Selma Rıza
(Bilkent University, 2020) Charyyeva, Jennet; Yang, Jung Heun; Nazzal, Nil; Hammoud, Rawan; Ereshova, Selbi
Selma Rıza is noted to be an inspiring woman who was a journalist and an advocate in different political and social bodies. Her novel, Uhuvvet, explicates the different aspects of women living within Turkish society. Importantly, Selma Rıza not only affected society through her writings, but also through different positions she took, some of which include: literature, health, politics, and education. She worked in the Red Crescent and was involved in the Committee of Union and Progress. Her uniqueness was also derived from her family members, specifically her brother, who partook in the Young Turks. Selma experienced struggles due to the patriarchal nature of the society that dismissed the contributions of women. Needless to say, her legacy was further humbled by the lack of adequate sources that detail her eventful life and hard work. This research is an effort to contribute to the literature about Selma Rıza.