Browsing by Subject "Surface property"
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Item Open Access Antibacterial electrospun nanofibers from triclosan/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes(Elsevier, 2014) Celebioglu A.; Umu, O. C. O.; Tekinay, T.; Uyar, TamerThe electrospinning of nanofibers (NF) from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (CD-IC) with an antibacterial agent (triclosan) was achieved without using any carrier polymeric matrix. Polymer-free triclosan/CD-IC NF were electrospun from highly concentrated (160% CD, w/w) aqueous triclosan/CD-IC suspension by using two types of chemically modified CD; hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HPγCD). The morphological characterization of the electrospun triclosan/CD-IC NF by SEM elucidated that the triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF and triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF were bead-free having average fiber diameter of 520±250nm and 1100±660nm, respectively. The presence of triclosan and the formation of triclosan/CD-IC within the fiber structure were confirmed by 1H-NMR, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA studies. The initial 1:1molar ratio of the triclosan:CD was kept for triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF after the electrospinning and whereas 0.7:1molar ratio was observed for triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF and some uncomplexed triclosan was detected suggesting that the complexation efficiency of triclosan with HPγCD was lower than that of HPβCD. The antibacterial properties of triclosan/CD-IC NF were tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. It was observed that triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF and triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF showed better antibacterial activity against both bacteria compared to uncomplexed pure triclosan.Item Open Access Chemical and topographical modification of PHBV surface to promote osteoblast alignment and confinement(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008) Kenar, H.; Kocabas, A.; Aydınlı, Atilla; Hasirci, V.Proper cell attachment and distribution, and thus stronger association in vivo between a bone implant and native tissue will improve the success of the implant. In this study, the aim was to achieve promotion of attachment and uniform distribution of rat mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts by introducing chemical and topographical cues on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film surfaces. As the chemical cues, either alkaline phosphatase was covalently immobilized on the film surface to induce deposition of calcium phosphate minerals or fibrinogen was adsorbed to improve cell adhesion. Microgrooves and micropits were introduced on the film surface by negative replication of micropatterned Si wafers. Both chemical cues improved cell attachment and even distribution on the PHBV films, but Fb was more effective especially when combined with the micropatterns. Cell alignment (<10° deviation angle) parallel to chemically modified microgrooves (1, 3, or 8 μm groove width) and on 10 μm-thick Fb lines printed on the unpatterned films was achieved. The cells on unpatterned and 5 μm-deep micropitted films were distributed and oriented randomly. Results of this study proved that microtopographies on PHBV can improve osseointegration when combined with chemical cues, and that microgrooves and cell adhesive protein lines on PHBV can guide selective osteoblast adhesion and alignment.Item Open Access Electronic structure of Te-and As-covered Si(211)(American Physical Society, 2003) Sen, P.; Batra, I. P.; Sivananthan, S.; Grein, C. H.; Dhar, N.; Çıracı, SalimElectronic and atomic structures of the clean and As- and Te-covered Si(211) surface are studied using pseudopotential density-functional method. The clean surface is found to have (2 x 1) and rebonded (1 x 1) reconstructions as stable surface structures, but no π-bonded chain reconstruction. Binding energies of As and Te adatoms at a number of symmetry sites on the ideal and (2 x 1) reconstructed surfaces have been calculated because of their importance in the epitaxial growth of CdTe and other materials on the Si(211) surface. The special symmetry sites on these surfaces having the highest binding energies for isolated As and Te adatoms are identified. But more significantly, several sites are found to be nearly degenerate in binding-energy values. This has important consequences for epitaxial growth processes. Optimal structures calculated for 0.5 monolayer of As and Te coverage reveal that the As adatoms dimerize on the surface while the Te adatoms do not. However, both As- and Te-covered surfaces are found to be metallic in nature.Item Open Access Injectable in situ forming microparticles: A novel drug delivery system(2012) Yapar, E. A.; Inal, Ö.; Özkan, Y.; Baykara, T.Pharmaceutical formulation research has recently been focusing on delivery systems which provide long therapeutic effects and reduced side effects, and involving simplified production stages and facilitated application process. In situ forming microparticle (ISM) systems, one of the latest approach in this field, offer a new encapsulation technique and meet the objectives stated above. Factors such as the carrier used to form the multiparticles, amount and type of drug and the vehicle type can be taken as the main performance criteria for these systems. Ongoing studies have shown that this new multiparticulate drug delivery system is suitable for achieving new implant delivery system with low risk of dose-dumping, capable of being modulated to exhibit varying release patterns, reproducible, easily applicable and welltolerated compared with classically surgical implants.Item Open Access MaterialVis: material visualization tool using direct volume and surface rendering techniques(Elsevier Inc., 2014) Okuyan, E.; Güdükbay, Uğur; Bulutay, C.; Heinig, Karl-HeinzVisualization of the materials is an indispensable part of their structural analysis. We developed a visualization tool for amorphous as well as crystalline structures, called MaterialVis. Unlike the existing tools, MaterialVis represents material structures as a volume and a surface manifold, in addition to plain atomic coordinates. Both amorphous and crystalline structures exhibit topological features as well as various defects. MaterialVis provides a wide range of functionality to visualize such topological structures and crystal defects interactively. Direct volume rendering techniques are used to visualize the volumetric features of materials, such as crystal defects, which are responsible for the distinct fingerprints of a specific sample. In addition, the tool provides surface visualization to extract hidden topological features within the material. Together with the rich set of parameters and options to control the visualization, MaterialVis allows users to visualize various aspects of materials very efficiently as generated by modern analytical techniques such as the Atom Probe Tomography.Item Open Access Oligonucleotide-based label-free detection with optical microresonators: strategies and challenges(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Toren, P.; Ozgur E.; Bayındır, MehmetThis review targets diversified oligonucleotide-based biodetection techniques, focusing on the use of microresonators of whispering gallery mode (WGM) type as optical biosensors mostly integrated with lab-on-a-chip systems. On-chip and microfluidics combined devices along with optical microresonators provide rapid, robust, reproducible and multiplexed biodetection abilities in considerably small volumes. We present a detailed overview of the studies conducted so far, including biodetection of various oligonucleotide biomarkers as well as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. We particularly advert to chemical surface modifications for specific and selective biosensing.Item Open Access One-step synthesis of size-tunable Ag nanoparticles incorporated in electrospun PVA/cyclodextrin nanofibers(Pergamon Press, 2014) Celebioglu A.; Aytac Z.; Umu, O. C. O.; Dana, A.; Tekinay, T.; Uyar, TamerOne-step synthesis of size-tunable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) incorporated into electrospun nanofibers was achieved. Initially, in situ reduction of silver salt (AgNO3) to Ag-NP was carried out in aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Here, PVA was used as reducing agent and stabilizing polymer as well as electrospinning polymeric matrix for the fabrication of PVA/Ag-NP nanofibers. Afterwards, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was used as an additional reducing and stabilizing agent in order to control size and uniform dispersion of Ag-NP. The size of Ag-NP was ∼8 nm and some Ag-NP aggregates were observed for PVA/Ag-NP nanofibers, conversely, the size of Ag-NP decreased from ∼8 nm down to ∼2 nm within the fiber matrix without aggregation were attained for PVA/HPβCD nanofibers. The PVA/Ag-NP and PVA/HPβCD/Ag-NP nanofibers exhibited surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Moreover, antibacterial properties of PVA/Ag-NP and PVA/HPβCD/Ag-NP nanofibrous mats were tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.Item Open Access Quercetin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex embedded nanofibres: slow release and high solubility(Elsevier, 2016-04) Aytac Z.; Kusku, S. I.; Durgun, Engin; Uyar, TamerElectrospinning of polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanofibres (NF) incorporating β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (β-CD-IC) of quercetin (QU) was performed. Here, β-CD was used as not only the crosslinking agent for PAA nanofibres but also as a host molecule for inclusion of QU. The phase solubility test showed enhanced solubility of QU due to the inclusion complexation; in addition, the stoichiometry of QU/β-CD-IC was determined to be 1:1. Computational modelling studies confirmed that 1:1 and 1:2 complex formation are desirable; 1:1 complex formation was chosen to have higher weight loading of QU. SEM images showed that PAA/QU/β-CD-IC-NF were bead-free and uniform. XRD indicated that PAA/QU/β-CD-IC-NF were amorphous in nature without the crystalline peaks of QU. Comparative results revealed that the release profile of QU from PAA/QU/β-CD-IC-NF was much slower but greater in total than from PAA/QU/β-CD-IC-film. Moreover, high antioxidant activity and photostability of QU was achieved in PAA/QU/β-CD-IC-NF.Item Open Access Surface-modified bacterial nanofibrillar PHB scaffolds for bladder tissue repair(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2016) Karahaliloǧlu, Z.; Demirbilek, M.; Şam, M.; Saǧlam, N.; Mizrak, A. K.; Denkbaş, E. B.The aim of the study is in vitro investigation of the feasibility of surface-modified bacterial nanofibrous poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) graft for bladder reconstruction. In this study, the surface of electrospun bacterial PHB was modified with PEG- or EDA via radio frequency glow discharge method. After plasma modification, contact angle of EDA-modified PHB scaffolds decreased from 110 � 1.50 to 23 � 0.5 degree. Interestingly, less calcium oxalate stone deposition was observed on modified PHB scaffolds compared to that of non-modified group. Results of this study show that surface-modified scaffolds not only inhibited calcium oxalate growth but also enhanced the uroepithelial cell viability and proliferation.Item Open Access Te covered Si(001): a variable surface reconstruction(American Physical Society, 2001) Sen, P.; Çıracı, Salim; Batra, I. P.; Grein, C. H.At a given temperature, clean and adatom covered silicon surfaces usually exhibit well-defined reconstruction patterns. Our finite temperature ab initio molecular dynamics calculations show that the tellurium covered Si(001) surface is an exception. Soft longitudinal modes of surface phonons due to the strongly anharmonic potential of the bridged tellurium atoms prevent the reconstruction structure from attaining any permanent, two-dimensional periodic geometry. This explains why experiments attempting to find a definite model for the reconstruction have reached conflicting conclusions.