Browsing by Subject "Quantum electronics"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21

Open Access
33-fs Yb-fiber laser comb locked to Cs-atomic clock
(IEEE, 2013) Şenel, Çağrı; Hamid, R.; Erdoğan, C.; Çelik, M.; Kara, O.; İlday, Fatih Ömer
Despite the prevalence of fiber frequency combs around 1.5 μm, few fully stabilized frequency combs have been demonstrated around 1.0 μm, despite the generally superior performance of Yb-fiber lasers compared to Er-fiber lasers. Short pulses are to generate coherent supercontinuum using anomalous dispersion regime of microstructured fibers. Near-zero cavity dispersion is highly desirable for low-noise frequency comb performance. Here, we report a Yb-doped fiber laser that operates at net-zero group-velocity dispersion and produces pulses that can be compressed externally to 33-fs. The frequency comb generated by this system is repetition-and carrier-envelope-phase-locked to Cs atomic clocks. The laser oscillator design is based on a novel algorithmic methodology, which allows us to design cavities to meet specific requirements; in this case, there was the need to generate as short pulses as possible, while having several nJ of pulse energy and the cavity at strictly zero total dispersion.
Open Access
83 W, 1 ns, 3.1 MHz all-fiber laser for micromachining
(IEEE, 2011) Özgören, Kıvanç; Öktem, Bülent; Yılmaz, Sinem; İlday, F. Ömer; Pasin, E.; Eken, K.
Fiber lasers are commonly used for various material processing applications. The advantages (such as simplicity of the system, high material removal rate) and disadvantages (larger heat-affected zone, reduced precision) of nanosecond pulses over sub-picosecond pulses are well known. © 2011 IEEE.
Open Access
All-fiber nanosecond laser system generating supercontinuum spectrum for photoacoustic imaging
(IEEE, 2013) Yavas, S.; Kipergil, E. A.; Akçaalan, Önder; Eldeniz, Y. Burak; Arabul, U.; Erkol H.; Unlu, M.B.; Ilday, F. Ömer
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) research, as an imaging modality, has shown promising results in imaging angiogenesis and cutaneous malignancies like melanoma, revealing systemic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, coronery artery, cardiovascular disease from their effect on the microvasculature, tracing drug efficiency and assessment of therapy, monitoring healing processes such as wound cicatrization, brain imaging and mapping, neuroscientific evaluations. Clinically, PAM can be used as a diagnostic and predictive medicine tool; even have a part in disease prevention[1]. © 2013 IEEE.
Open Access
All-fiber Yb-doped laser mode-locked by nanotubes
(IEEE, 2013) Zhang, Zewang; Popa, D.; Sun, Z.; Hasan, T.; Ferrari, A.C.; İlday, F. Ömer
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene have emerged as promising saturable absorbers (SAs), due to their broad operation bandwidth and fast recovery times [1-3]. However, Yb-doped fiber lasers mode-locked using CNT and graphene SAs have generated relatively long pulses. All-fiber cavity designs are highly favored for their environmental robustness. Here, we demonstrate an all-fiber Yb-doped laser based on a SWNT saturable absorber, which allows generation of 8.7 ps-long pulses, externally compressed to 118 fs. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses obtained with SWNT SAs from a Yb-doped fiber laser. © 2013 IEEE.
Open Access
Analytical expressions for the local-field corrections in double-layer electron systems
(Academic Press, 1999) Tanatar, Bilal
We develop an extension of the sum-rule version of the Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjolander (STLS) scheme applied to a double-layer electron system. We present analytical expressions for the intralayer and interlayer static structure factors and corresponding local-field corrections which agree quite well with the full STLS calculations. Some applications of our basic results and further generalizations of our method are discussed.
Open Access
Balancing gain narrowing with self phase modulation: 100-fs, 800-nJ from an all-fiber-integrated Yb amplifier
(IEEE, 2013) Pavlov, Ihor; Rybak, A.; Cenel, C.; İlday, F. Ömer
There is much progress in Yb-fiber oscillator-amplifier systems, which enable generation of high-repetition-rate, microjoule energies and sub-picosecond pulse widths [1,2]. Given the extremely large total gain factors to reach microjoules starting from nanojoules, which is often in the range of 40-60 dB, due to losses, and the impact of mismatched high-order dispersion as temporal stretching and compression of pulses by large factors (30-40 dB) need to be employed. As a result of these challenges, most of the Yb-fiber amplifiers have resulted in pulse durations of several 100 fs or longer. While pulse durations in this range are suited for some applications, there are many cases where 100-fs or shorter pulses in microjoule range are required. Gain narrowing can be effectively countered by self-phase modulation (SPM) [3] by limiting amplification factor in each stage of amplification and through careful optimization of SPM and inversion level along the gain fiber. The conceptual template is readily present in the evolution of the pulse inside the oscillator cavity, where gain factors are often in the 10-50 range per roundtrip. To the extend that the B-integral and the gain distribution along the amplifier can be kept identical to the oscillator by proper scaling of the chirped pulse width and fiber mode area, the original oscillator can be preserved in arbitrary number of amplification stages. Here, we demonstrate a highly fiber-integrated master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) system, from which - 1 μJ pulses are extracted and externally compressed to 100 fs by arranging amplification in each stage as close as possible to the intra-cavity evolution. To our knowledge, these results are the shortest demonstrated from all-fiber-integrated amplifier at the microjoule level. © 2013 IEEE.
Open Access
Characteristic equations for the lasing Modes of infinite periodic chain of quantum wires
(IEEE, 2008-06) Byelobrov, V. O.; Benson, T. M.; Altıntaş, Ayhan; Nosich, A.I.
In this paper, we study the lasing modes of a periodic open optical resonator. The resonator is an infinite chain of active circular cylindrical quantum wires standing in tree space. Characteristic equations for the frequencies and associated linear thresholds of lasing are derived. These quantities are considered as eigenvalues of specific electromagnetic-field problem with "active" imaginary part of the cylinder material's refractive index - Lasing Eigenvalue Problem (LEP). ©2008 IEEE.
Open Access
Disorder-free localization around the conduction band edge of crossing and kinked silicon nanowires
(A I P Publishing LLC, 2015) Keleş, Ü.; Çakan, A.; Bulutay, C.
We explore ballistic regime quantum transport characteristics of oxide-embedded crossing and kinked silicon nanowires (NWs) within a large-scale empirical pseudopotential electronic structure framework, coupled to the Kubo-Greenwood transport analysis. A real-space wave function study is undertaken and the outcomes are interpreted together with the findings of ballistic transport calculations. This reveals that ballistic transport edge lies tens to hundreds of millielectron volts above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, with a substantial number of localized states appearing in between, as well as above the former. We show that these localized states are not due to the oxide interface, but rather core silicon-derived. They manifest the wave nature of electrons brought to foreground by the reflections originating from NW junctions and bends. Hence, we show that the crossings and kinks of even ultraclean Si NWs possess a conduction band tail without a recourse to atomistic disorder.
Open Access
Electro-optic modulation of InAs quantum dot waveguides
(Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2008) Akça, İmran. B.; Dâna, Aykutlu; Aydınlı, Atilla; Rossetti, M.; Li, L.; Fiore, A.; Dağlı, N.
The linear electro-optic properties in waveguides containing self-organized In As quantum dots were studied experimentally. Fabry-Perot measurements at 1515 nm on InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures yield a significantly enhanced linear electro-optic efficiency compared to bulk GaAs.
Unknown
Mesoscopic Fano effect in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer Coulomb-coupled to a nearby quantum dot
(Wiley, 2007) Tolea, M.; Moldoveanu, V.; Tanatar, Bilal
Motivated by the pionieering experiments of Buks et al. [Nature 391, 871 (1998)] we investigate the visibility of the Fano effect in a single-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometer which is Coulomb-coupled to a nearby quantum dot. The latter acts as a 'Which Path Detector' and is coupled to two leads on which a finite bias is applied. Using the non-equilibrium Keldysh-Green function formalism we compute the currents through the detector and the interferometer. We take into account the first two contributions to the interaction selfenergy and emphasize the correction to the Landauer formula which appears beyond the single-particle approximation. Particular attention is given to the coherence properties of the interferometer in the presence of the electron-electron interaction between the embedded dot and the detector. We show that when the detector is subjected to a finite bias the amplitude of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the current through the interferometer decreases. The Fano line is in turn rather stable under interaction. Our results generalize an earlier work of Silva and Levit [Phys. Rev. B 63, 201309 (2001)] and complement the existing description of the controlled dephasing.
Unknown
Negative refraction and focusing by a left-handed material slab in free space
(IEEE, 2006) Aydın, Koray; Özbay, Ekmel
Negative refraction and focusing by a left-handed metamaterial (LHM) slab are experimentally verified. We measured refractive index of slab as -1.86. The flat lens behavior of LHM is demonstrated for two different point source distances. © 2006 Optical Society of America.
Open Access
Non-thermal material and tissue processing with 100 MHz and 500 MHz repetition rate bursts
(IEEE, 2013) Kerse, Can; Kalaycıoğlu, Hamit; Akaalan O.; Eldeniz, Y.B.; İlday, F. Ömer; Hoogland H.; Holzwarth, R.
There are a number of applications that would avail a pulse pattern in the form of closely grouped and uniformly spaced pulses, i.e., bursts [1]. Closely grouped pulses with pulse to pulse separation in the order of a few nanoseconds have a potential for increasing material removal rates [2] and thereby reducing the thermal effects. Besides, keeping the burst repetition period in the order of thermal relaxation time has the advantage of keeping the overall average power at lower levels in order to prevent the cumulative heating of the material. © 2013 IEEE.
Open Access
Properties of a microjoule-class fiber oscillator mode-locked with a SESAM
(IEEE, 2011) Lecaplain, C.; Ortac, Bülend; MacHinet G.; Boullet J.; Baumgartl, M.; Schreiber, T.; Cormier, E.; Hideur, A.
Energy scaling of ultrafast Yb-doped fiber oscillators has experienced rapid progress largely driven by many applications that require high average power femtosecond pulses. The fundamental challenge for ultrafast fiber lasers relies on the control of excessive nonlinearity, which limits pulse energy. The development of all-normal dispersion laser cavities based on large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has enabled significant energy scaling [1-3]. In particular, up to microjoule energy levels have been achieved from rod-type fiber-based oscillators [2-3]. In such lasers, pulse shaping is dominated by the strength of the mode-locking mechanism which determines the pulse properties. In this contribution, we report the generation of high-energy sub-picosecond pulses from a highly normal dispersion fiber laser featuring an Yb-doped rod-type PCF and a large-mode-area PCF [Fig.1(a)]. Passive mode-locking is achieved using saturable absorber mirrors (SAMs). We study the influence of the SAM parameters on performances obtained in this new class of fiber oscillators. The structures exhibit 20 % modulation depths and 500 fs relaxation time with resonant and antiresonant designs. The antiresonant SAM structures ensure absorption bandwidths 45 nm while the resonant structures exhibit 20 nm bandwidths. Stable mode locking with average powers as high as 15 μW at 15 MHz repetition rate, corresponding to microjoule energy level are obtained with all the structures. However, pulse properties and pulse shaping mechanism distinguish between resonant and antiresonant designs. Using a broadband antiresonant SAM leads to generation of highly-chirped pulses with 30 ps duration and 10 nm spectral width [Fig.1(b)]. The output pulses are extra-cavity dechirped down to 550 fs duration. By increasing the strength of the mode-locking mechanism through the combination of the SAM with the NPE process, we obtain shorter pulses with slightly boarder spectra. Indeed, the output pulse duration is decreased from 30 ps to 13 ps by adjusting the wave-plates settings. The dechirped pulse duration is then shortened to 450 fs. We note that the current laser performances are limited to 1 J by the available pump power. Using a resonant SAM structure, the output pulse duration is decreased to 7 ps [Fig.1(b)]. This pulse shortening results from the spectral filtering induced by the limited SAM bandwidth. All these results are in good agreement with numerical simulations which will be discussed in this communication. © 2011 IEEE.
Open Access
Quantifying quantum information via uncertainties
(OSA, 2007) Öztop, Barış; Klyachko, Alexander A.; Shumovsky, Alexander S.
We show, for a state ψ of a quantum system with the dynamic symmetry given by the Lie group G, total amount of quantum information and entanglement is provided by summarized uncertainty of basic observables.
Open Access
Simple test for hidden variables in spin-1 systems
(2008) Klyachko, A. A.; Can, M. A.; Binicioǧlu, S.; Shumovsky, A. S.
We resolve an old problem about the existence of hidden parameters in a three-dimensional quantum system by constructing an appropriate Bell's type inequality. This reveals the nonclassical nature of most spin-1 states. We shortly discuss some physical implications and an underlying cause of this nonclassical behavior, as well as a perspective of its experimental verification. © 2008 The American Physical Society.
Open Access
Single qutrit entanglement
(OSA, 2007) Binicioğlu, Sinem; Klyachko, Alexander A.; Shumovsky, Alexander S.
We discussed a recent approach to quantum entanglement. The approach is based on presetting of basic observables of quantum system. Entangled states are interpreted as states with maximal amount of uncertainty of all basic observables.
Open Access
Spectrally breathing femtosecond pulses from an Er-doped fiber laser
(IEEE, 2008) Öktem, Bülent; Ülgüdür, Coşkun; İlday, Fatih Ömer
We report order-of-magnitude spectral breathing in a dispersion-managed Er-fiber laser with an intracavity bandpass filter. This is to our knowledge the highest of any laser reported. Pulse energy is 1.7 nJ, width is 110 fs.
Open Access
Spintronic properties of zigzag-edged triangular graphene flakes
(AIP Publishing LLC, 2010) Şahin, H.; Senger, R. T.; Çıracı, Salim
We investigate quantum transport properties of triangular graphene flakes with zigzag edges by using first principles calculations. Triangular graphene flakes have large magnetic moments which vary with the number of hydrogen atoms terminating its edge atoms and scale with its size. Electronic transmission and current-voltage characteristics of these flakes, when contacted with metallic electrodes, reveal spin valve and remarkable rectification features. The transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic state under bias voltage can, however, terminate the spin polarizing effects for specific flakes. Geometry and size dependent transport properties of graphene flakes may be crucial for spintronic nanodevice applications.
Open Access
Sub-50 fs all-fiber Yb-doped laser with anomalous-dispersion photonic crystal fiber
(IEEE, 2013) Zhang, Zewang; Cenel, C.; Hamid, R.; İlday, F. Ömer
An intense research effort has been channelled into improving mode-locked Yb-fiber oscillators in recent years. Despite efforts in all-normal dispersion oscillators, dispersion management is evidently necessary to reach pulse durations below 50 fs. This is implemented most commonly with bulk optical components in Yb-doped fiber lasers. Increased robustness remains a valuable trait, for which all-fiber-integration is highly desirable. Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) with anomalous dispersion have small mode field diameters, enhancing nonlinear effects and usually are birefringent. The first mode-locked laser to incorporate a PCF was reported in 2002 [1]. However, mode-locking was not self-starting owing to the residual birefringence of the PCF Since then, a number of dispersion-managed Yb-doped fiber lasers using PCFs and all-fiber-integrated lasers have been reported. After 10 years, no all-fiber-integrated Yb-fiber laser has been demonstrated to support pulses below 60 fs [2]. © 2013 IEEE.
Open Access
Time-and position-dependent modeling of high-power low-repetition-rate Er-Yb-fiber amplifier
(IEEE, 2013) Pavlov, Ihor; Dülgergil, E.; Elahi, Parviz; İlday, F. Ömer
There is rapid progress in the development of high-power fiber lasers due to their robust operation, low cost, high beam quality at high powers. There are various applications, such as laser sensing, LIDAR applications, processing of specific materials, which require robust and high-power pulsed laser sources at 1550 nm with high beam quality. Achievement of high peak power with low repetition rate is challenging due to well-known problems of strong nonlinear effects and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) build-up between pulses. In order to reach highest efficiency, the design of each stage of amplification should be carefully optimized. Numerical modeling can be a great tool due to the large number of parameters involved [1]. To date, most modeling efforts of fiber amplification have assumed either a lumped gain model for pulse propagation or a distributed, position-dependent gain model for CW signal for computational simplicity. Here, we investigate both time- and position-dependent gain dynamics numerically, which are used to optimize experimental results. © 2013 IEEE.