Browsing by Subject "Ottoman empire"
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Item Open Access History in the trench: The Ottoman Special Organization – Teşkilat-i Mahsusa literature(Routledge, 2012) Safi, P.Aside from a few exceptional works, studies on the subject of the Ottoman Special Organization (SO, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa) are marred by confusing, vague, and inconsistent sets of arguments and assumptions. This may be attributed to certain methodological and linguistic shortcomings of particular studies and a general laziness in the use of existing primary and secondary sources. It is also an outcome of the degree to which contemporary political and ideological currents and concerns colour the nature of the historical inquiry into the subject. Based on a comprehensive and systematic critical reading of existing literature in the light of certain sets of hitherto unused archival material, the present study aims to re-open to discussion such historiographical problems both by revisiting the most speculative, and well-trodden, research topics in the literature, such as the very nature of the organization as well as its administrative features, and offering insights into the potential(s) of certain little-explored Turkish archives.Item Restricted Kaptan Paşa'nın bardağı(1993) Birsel, SalahItem Open Access Population changes in Ottoman Anatolia during the 16th and 17th centuries: The "demographic crisis" reconsidered(Cambridge University Press, 2004) Özel, O.Whatever the fruits of discussing the problem at such a theoretical level, in the case of Anatolia it is perhaps more important to bear in mind the geographical dimension of the population changes in the late-16th- and early-17th-century Ottoman Empire. The crucial question is how representative the cases of demographic pressure in Anatolia described here were as far as the whole empire was concerned. Furthermore, one may ask the same question for Anatolia only, considering the fact that in some parts of Anatolia the population seems to have remained within reasonable limits, although substantial growth in the 16th century was a general phenomenon throughout the Empire. It is therefore imperative to pay attention to voices that emphasize regional differences in terms of demographic changes-differences that depended largely on the quality and quantity of the land, climatic conditions, economic opportunities, and, as Karen Barkey rightly suggests, the patron-client relations at the local level and in the empire in general. It is also clear that population growth does not necessarily or automatically mean "pressure." What this study shows in this respect is that one can speak of such pressure in at least some parts of the empire-in this case, the north-central Anatolian province of Rum. Whether the apparent rise in population resulted in similar pressure elsewhere in Anatolia or throughout the empire toward the end of the century remains a question. Nevertheless, this study has also pointed out that the Celali rebellions and widespread terror in the Anatolian countryside were closely related to the demographic growth of the 16th century.Item Open Access К вопросу о "Чобан Гераях" в истории Крымского ханства(Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General History, 2020) Kırımlı, HakanThe article is devoted to significant pages of the history of Crimea. The author analyzes famous Gerays’ dynasty. He pays particular attention to the Russia’s policy towards Crimean khanate.