Browsing by Subject "Development finance"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Open Access
The dual transformation in development finance: western multilateral development banks and China in post-Soviet energy
(Routledge, 2021-09-27) Groce, M. S.; Köstem, Seçkin
The energy resources of Central Asia and the Caucasus have drawn significant scholarly attention due to their geopolitical importance and role in regional economic development. Western multilateral development banks (MDBs), such as the World Bank and the EBRD, have been the leading actors shaping norms and practices for lending to the energy sectors of these regions. China has also recently emerged as the top investor in hydrocarbons and renewables in Central Asia, at the same time increasing its presence in the Caucasus. How have Western MDBs and China shaped each other’s lending practices? By exploring the what and the how of development finance in the energy sectors of Central Asia and the Caucasus, this study argues that a dual transformation is under way. The World Bank and the EBRD are now working closely with key local stakeholders in the recipient states to make energy reforms more successful. China, on the other hand, is now cooperating more closely with Western MDBs, and accepting and implementing some of their market principles and environmental targets. The article demonstrates that the West vs. China dichotomy based on neoliberalism vs. state-capitalism is blurred and the post-Soviet energy sector includes features of both models.
Open Access
The mutually transforming effect: a comparative study on European and Chinese development finance in Central and Eastern Europe
(2022-07) Metintaş, Melike
The 21st century has witnessed a profound transition in global development finance after emerging powers have become important creditors for the developing world. Explaining these actors of global development finance and the factors shaping their financing behavior has been widely discussed in the scholarly literature. With its large amount of overseas financing and alternative economic growth model, China has emerged as the top creditor amongst traditional financial actors. Therefore, diversification and competition between traditional Western and Chinese creditors have become the main focus of scholars and policymakers. Yet, current changes in the global development finance show that the likelihood of convergence and cooperation are increasing between Western and China-led development finance. While China is integrating more into multilateral cooperation and abiding by international standards, Western actors have begun to change their financing policies by looking at nations’ needs rather than structural adjustments first. This thesis examines the interactions between Chinese (CDB and CHEXIM) and traditional European (EIB and EBRD) development banks in Central and Eastern Europe. By doing so, this thesis argues that a ‘mutually transforming effect’ exists between Chinese and European development finance as a result of their interactions. While Chinese banks cooperate more with European banks and the EU's financial mechanisms to fulfill their structural weaknesses, the European banks provide more credits on riskier infrastructure projects and state-owned enterprises in the CEE region.
Open Access
The dual transformation in development finance: western multilateral development banks and China in post-soviet energy
(Routledge, 2021-09-27) Skalamera Groce, M.; Köstem, Seçkin
The energy resources of Central Asia and the Caucasus have drawn significant scholarly attention due to their geopolitical importance and role in regional economic development. Western multilateral development banks (MDBs), such as the World Bank and the EBRD, have been the leading actors shaping norms and practices for lending to the energy sectors of these regions. China has also recently emerged as the top investor in hydrocarbons and renewables in Central Asia, at the same time increasing its presence in the Caucasus. How have Western MDBs and China shaped each other’s lending practices? By exploring the what and the how of development finance in the energy sectors of Central Asia and the Caucasus, this study argues that a dual transformation is under way. The World Bank and the EBRD are now working closely with key local stakeholders in the recipient states to make energy reforms more successful. China, on the other hand, is now cooperating more closely with Western MDBs, and accepting and implementing some of their market principles and environmental targets. The article demonstrates that the West vs. China dichotomy based on neoliberalism vs. state-capitalism is blurred and the post-Soviet energy sector includes features of both models.