This study investigated teacher- and school-related factors which affect science and mathematics achievement of the students who have a socio-economically disadvantaged background in Turkey. A segmentation method was used to find the relationship between teacher-and school-related factors and academic achievement in science and mathematics literacies. The sample consisted of 1200 low-SES students. Seven dimensions of PISA 2012 student questionnaire including 38 items were used to determine the students’ attitudes towards learning activities and their outcomes in school, perceptions of the students for the student-teacher relationship, sense of belonging to school. The analysis showed that being a resilient student or a low-achiever could be explained with investigating some of these items. The study results provide an insight into designing educational policies to enhance resilience of socio-economically disadvantaged students.