Wideband maximum likelihood direction finding and signal parameter estimation by using the tree-structured em algorithm

Abstract

A thorough derivation of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, which is an iterative numerical method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, is presented for the case of estimating direction of arrivals of unknown deterministic wideband signals incident from different directions onto a passive array. For the required signal estimation, alternative regularized least squares estimation techniques are proposed with significant improvement over the standard least squares techniques. In addition, for the angle of arrival estimation of large number of signals, a tree-structured EM algorithm is proposed and compared with the conventional EM approach. Extensive simulation results are presented for comparison of the proposed algorithms with the current high-resolution methods of wideband direction finding. In order to handle efficiently the case of available parametric prior models on the received waveforms, the required modifications are also given. © 1997 IEEE.