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Microfabricated ultrasonic transducers: towards robust models and immersion devices
(IEEE, 1996-11)
The successful fabrication of ultrasonic immersion transducers is reported. Transducers are observed to operate from 1 MHz to 20 MHz in water, with the frequency range limited by electronics, not the transducers. Transmission ...
A new method for nonlinear circuit simulation in time domain: NOWE
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996-03)
A new method for the time-domain solution of general nonlinear dynamic circuits is presented. In this method, the solutions of the state variables are computed by using their time derivatives up to some order at the initial ...
High‐speed atomic force microscopy using an integrated actuator and optical lever detection
(A I P Publishing LLC, 1996-09)
A new procedure for high‐speed imaging with the atomic force microscope that combines an integrated ZnO piezoelectric actuator with an optical lever sensor has yielded an imaging bandwidth of 33 kHz. This bandwidth is ...
Silicon micromachined ultrasonic immersion transducers
(A I P Publishing LLC, 1996-12-09)
Broadband transmission of ultrasound in water using capacitive, micromachined transducers is reported. Transmission experiments using the same pair of devices at 4, 6, and 8 MHz with a signal‐to‐noise ratio greater than ...
Interdigital cantilevers for atomic force microscopy
(A I P Publishing LLC, 1996-10)
We present a sensor for the atomic force microscope (AFM) where a silicon cantilever is micromachined into the shape of interdigitated fingers that form a diffraction grating. When detecting a force, alternating fingers ...
Independent parallel lithography using the atomic force microscope
(A I P Publishing LLC, 1996-05)
Independent parallel features have been lithographically patterned with a 2×1 array of individually controlled cantilevers using an atomic force microscope. Control of the individual cantilevers was achieved with an ...
Contact imaging in the atomic force microscope using a higher order flexural mode combined with a new sensor
(A I P Publishing LLC, 1996-01)
Using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a silicon cantilever partially covered with a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO), we have imaged in the constant force mode by employing the ZnO as both a sensor and actuator. The cantilever ...
A new method for the steady-state analysis of periodically excited nonlinear circuits
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996-12)
We propose a new method for the steady state analysis of periodically excited nonlinear microwave circuits. It is a modified and more efficient form of Newton-Raphson iteration based harmonic balance (HB) technique. It ...